FOKEST RESOURCES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 475 



3. Sugar Maple (A. saccharimtm). Very abundant in the mountains, and found in 



the middle and lower districts ; wood valuable, and sometimes highly ornamental; 

 too remote from market to be of use for sugar, except locally ; in the low country 

 sugar cannot be made from it. 



4. Striped Maple (J. Fennsylvanium). On the mountains only as a shrub, rarely over 



10 feet high. 



5. Mountain Maple (A. gpicatum). Found only on the mountains as a shrub, 6 to 10 



feet high. 

 Ash-Leaved Maple (Negundo aceroides). Generally known as the " bos-elder" in the 

 Western States ; rare in the lower districts, but common on the borders of streams 

 in the middle district to the mountains ; usually growing 15 to 25 feet high. 



ASHES. 



1. Water Ash (Fraxiniis plaiycarpa). Marshy borders of creeks and rivers in the 



lower district, where it is the only species of this genus ; it grows 30 to 40 feet 

 high, and timber leas valuable than some other species of the ash. 



2. Green Ash {F. viridis). Only in the middle and upper districts, on the banks of 



streams, as a middle-sized tree. 



3. Red Ash (F. pubescens). Seen only in Lincoln County, but probably in rich swamps 



in the middle district. 



4. White Ash (F. Americana). Not very abundant, but occurs on the borders of 



streams, in the middle and upper districts ; it is sometimes 50 to 70 or 60 feet high, 

 and 2 to 3 feet in diameter ; its wood is regarded as the best of the ash tribe, and 

 is highly valued for carriage-work, &c. 



ELMS. 



1. Elm ( Ulmus Americana). Common, but not often over GO to 70 feet high. 



2. Small-leaved Elm (U. alata). Not uncommon, except on the higher mountains; 



growing 30 to 45 feet high ; often planted as a shade-tree ; wood compact and fine- 

 grained, and is used for the naves of wheels. 



3. Slippery or Red Elm ( U. fuha). Occasionally in the lower district ; more fre- 



quently in the middle, and to some extent in the upper. It grows 30 to 50 feet 

 high, and 12 to 18 inches through ; wood valued for ship-blocks, rails, &c. 



STONE-FRUIT TREES, OR THOSE WITH SEEDS LIKE THE APPLE OR LIKE 



BERRIES. 



1. Red Plum (Prunus Americana). From the coast to Cherokee, especially in the upper 



district ; some good varieties have been cultivated from this stock. 



2. Chickasaw Plum (P. CMcasa). Very common in old fields throughout the State; 



apparently introduced by Indians from the West. 



3. Sloe (P. ajnnosa). In Lincoln County ; perhaps naturalized. 



4. Wild Black Cherry (P. serotina). Found throughout the State, but less common 



in the lower district ; on slopes of mountains it grows 60 to 80 feet, with a diameter 

 of 2 to 3 feet ; formerly much used for cabinet wares, but now mostly superseded 

 by mahogany and rosewood. 



5. Wild Red Cherry (P. Pcunsylvanica). Found sparingly on some of the higher 



mountains. 



6. Mock Orange (P. Caroliniana). Confined to neighborhood of the ocean, not north 



of Cape Fear ; chiefly valued in ornamental iilanliug. 

 Devil Wood (Olea Amiricana). Of about the same range as the live-oak; worthy of 

 cultivation. 



1. Holly (Ilex opaca). Known throughout the State ; from 30 to 40 feet high, and 12 



to 15 inches in diameter ; for avenues and hedges few trees are superior. 



2. Dahoon Holly (/. Dahoon). A small tree 6 to 25 feet, on the borders of the pine 



barreu ponds and swamps of the low country. 



3. Yaupon {I. Cassine). Native place near salt water; 10 to 15 feet high, but some- 



times 20 to 25 ; from this the famous " Black drink " of southern Indians was made 

 for medicinal effect. 



4. (I. decidua). lu shady ravines throughout the middle district. 



5. {I. amhigua). Deciduous ; confined to mountains, and 8 to 20 feet high. 



6. (/. verticillaia). Deciduous ; occurs throughout the State, from 2 to 10 feet high. 



7. (/. glabra). In branch swamps of the lower district. 



8. Gallberry, Tall Gallbekrv (J. Coriacca). Grows like the preceding. 



1. Dogwood ( Cornus Florida). Common throughout the State, grows 12 to 20 feet and 



sometimes 30 to 35. 



2. Swamp Dogwood (C sericea). In low woods in the middle and upper districts; 



the C. paniculata, C. gtricta, and C. alternifolia also occur. 

 Hackeerry {Celtis ociidentalis). Found fcatteringly in all parts of North Carolina. 

 1. Black Gum (Nyssa aquatica). Common in swamps and shallow ponds of the lower 



and middle districts; growing 30 to 45 feet high, and 12 to 18 inches in diameter. 



Wood extremely fibrous, so as to be very difBcult to split. 



