FOREST CULTURE IN IOWA. 565 



other words, a person awarded a premium in one class will not be entitled to a pre- 

 mium on same trees in another class. 



3d. The plantations competing for these premiums must be made with rooted seed- 

 lings or plants, with the exceptions here mentioned : Of willows and soft-wooded trees 

 growing readily from cuttings, strong cuttings may be used. In the class of nut- 

 bearing trees, white walnut, black walnut, and oak may be started from seed where 

 wanted to remain. 



4th. All trees, seede, and cnttings must be planted in permanent timber plantations 

 or belts, in the spring of 1877, except where parties failed in getting a sufficient stand 

 in 187C, they may replant in 1877. The plantations must not be made at a greater dis- 

 tance than four feet each way ; when counted there must be at least two thousand, 

 trees to each acre. The plantations competing for a premium must be on one farm, 

 but need not be contiguous. 



5th. The competitor must have his trees counted by two disinterested winesses be- 

 tween the 15th of September and 10th of October, counting only those that are alivo 

 at that time. After counting, competitor must make affidavit before a justice of the 

 peace or notary public as to the following facts: 



(A) Whole number of trees in permanent grove, planted in spring of 1877, and now 

 alive, or if it is a replanted grove, planted in 1876, state the fact. (B) Xame and num- 

 ber of each kind planted. (C) How planted. (D) How cultivated. (E) Cost of plant- 

 ation. (F) Average size of each siiecies of trees. 



The parties who counted the trees must append their affidavit as to the correctness 

 of the count. The officer who admiuisters the affidavit shall certify to the identity 

 and credibility of the competitor and the parties who counted the trees. 



6th. The above-described affidavit to be forwarded to the secretary of the State 

 Horticultural Society, Joseph L. Budd, Ames, Story County, Iowa, not later than De- 

 cember 1, 1877. 



7th. Premiums will be awarded at the next annual meeting of the society, at the 

 city of Des Moines, on the third Tuesday in January, 1878. 



H. W. LATHROP, President. 



J. L. Budd, Secretary. 



The Annual for 1875 gave a list of 74 species distributed among 29 

 genera, as recommended for planting. The list include, besides those 

 above mentioned, the balsam and Douglas firs {Abies balsamifera and J.. 

 Douglasii)', horse-chestnut {JEsculus hippocastanum); ailantus {A. glan- 

 diilosa) ; sweet, red, and canoe birch {Betula lento., B. nigra, and B. jmpy- 

 racea) ; hickory {Carya, 5 species, viz : alba, glabra, amara, olir(eformis, 

 nudsulcata); chinquapin (Castinea puniila)', cypress {Cupressus thyoides); 

 thorntree {Cratcvgus coccinea and G. crusgalli); red, black, and blue 

 ash {Fraxinvs pubescens, F. sambucifolia, and F. quadrangulata) ; Ken- 

 tucky coffee-tree {GymnocladuH Canadensis); tamarack {Larix Ameri- 

 cana) ', osage {Madura aurantiaca) ; Austrian and Western yellow i:)iue 

 {Pinus Avstriaca and P. poyiderosa); narrow-leaf cottonwood {Populus 

 angusiifolia) ; sycamore {Platanus occidentalis) ; oaks, 8 species {Qucrcus 

 macrocarpa, Q. obttisiloba, Q. alba, Q. castanea, Q. tinctoria, Q. coccinea^ 

 Q. rubra, and Q. 2)ahistris) ; sumac {Elms glabra) ; willow, 3 species {Salix 

 vi7ni7ialis, S.7iig7'a, and IS. Forbiana) ; basswood {Tilia Americana) ; and 

 winged elm {Ulmus alata). 



The Iowa Horticultural Society fixed upon the 20th day of April, 1874, 

 and afterward annually, unless changed, as a day to be devoted to the 

 l)lanting of trees and seeds of trees, designed to form permanent groves 

 or for ornament. This day proving cold and stormy the first year, 

 planters competing for premiums were allowed the next year to select 

 the time most convenient. 



In earlier numbers of the Forestry Annual, the following suggestions 

 are also offered : 



Prairie farms need shelter most on the west, next on the north, next on the south, 

 while their usefulness on the east is not so great, though sufficient to call for plant- 

 ing. * " * A good combination for an evergreen belt is two or three rows of white 

 pine for center, two rows of Scotch or Austrian pine on each side, and two rows of I'ed 

 cedar or arbor vitiB outside of these, making ten or eleven rows, and giving, by differ- 

 ent rates of growth, a belt with a conical cross-section, and limbs from the ground up. 

 Another good combination is made of Norway spruce for center, white spruce next, 

 and black spruce and red cedar or arbor vitifi outside. 



