570 FOREST RESOURCES OF KANSAS. 



for corn ; shorten the tap-root and large side roots ; set in furrows, 

 drawing the earth well up agaiust the roots; keep free of weeds, and 

 thin out as needed. He would set in quincunx order, 4 feet apart, or 

 2,722 trees to the acre, and in 8 years take out half for posts, which 

 should be worth $340,135. In another 8 years, the rest should be worth 

 $680.50 ; making over 81,000 in IG years. 



In an article published in 1874, he gives preference to the Catalpa 

 syrinijafolia, and commends the ailanthus, osage orange, ash and maples, 

 although the latter were sometimes injured by borers. Of evergreens 

 he recommended the red cedar, and Scotch, Austrian, and white pines. 

 The Norway spruce, hemlock, and balsam fir did not do well. For 

 shelter-belts, nothing was better than the red cedar. 



Saint Louis County. — The trees chiefly planted for ornamental 

 purposes are the hickory, white oak, and.black jack. A few red maples 

 are planted. No pines occur in the county, although the Pinus mitis is 

 abundant a hundred miles further south. Seeds of various species or 

 oaks, maples, ash, elm, linden, &c., have been placed by the Missouri 

 Botanic Gardens at the disposal of the Merchants' Exchange, for distri- 

 bution among the country members. They have always been eagerly 

 sought for, and the demand is invariably greater than the supply. The 

 arboretum of the gardens contains nearly every tree that will grow 

 here in the open air. The following experience in this locality is worthy 

 of notice : 



I Lave lately noticed many 25-year old Scotch pines dying from ravages of the 

 Pissodes strobi (Peck.), none of onr native pines being affected by it. The black wal- 

 nut suffers much from the (in other places rare) JJatana angusii. The flat-headed 

 borer has proved very destructive to the ash trees. It is the same species that attacks 

 the apple-tree, Chri/sohothria femoratus (Fabricus.). The alders suffer very much of 

 late year from the plant-louse, Laclinus alnifolia (Fitch). 



On the 1st of January, 1864, the temperature at Saint Louis, Mo., went down to —22° 

 and continued near that temperature for a week. The following trees suffered : Brous- 

 sonesia papyrifcra, (killed to the root) SaVix Bahylonica (young trees killed to the root), 

 Bignonia grandiflora (young trees killed to the root), Vitex Agnus castas, Pinus tuiercu- 

 latus (8 feet; killed), P. Lamhertiana (5 feet; killed), P. CouUtri, P. Larico (8 feet; 

 killed), Cedrus deodora, Thuja occidentalis (young plants). Sequoia gigantca (8 feet; 

 killed); grape-vines, peaches, quinces, and chemes were much injured. The Clintoa 

 and Concord grapes stood the cold unprotected without injury. The following coni- 

 fers were much injured, and partially killed : Pimis maritima and excelsa, Cedrus lihanus, 

 Thuja gigantea, Taxus haccata. The following were uninjured: Pinus sylveslris, P. Aus- 

 triaca, P. strobus, P. mugho, P. humilis, P. inops, P.reslnosa, P. serotina, P. cembra, P. 

 edulis, P. Benthamiana, P.ponderosa, and P.Jeffreyii; Abies excelsa, A. nigra, A. Douglasii, 

 Canadensis, and A. balsamca; Juniperus (15 species, including the Gossainthanea) ; Cupres- 

 8U8 Lamsoniana and C.ericoides, Taxodium distichu7n, (others failed); Taxus adpressa and 

 T. Canadensis (others injured); Thuja occidentalis, plicata, Sibtrica ; Hovey's and Bnist's 

 Thujas, Ilex opaca, Laurus, Mahonia, and Thuyopsis borealis. — (J. Monell, Saint Louis, 

 Mo.) 



KANSAS. 



The timber area of Kansas is estimated by Mr. R. S. Elliott^ at about 

 2,560,000 acres, or 4.92 per cent., chiefly in the eastern part of the State, 

 the remainder being treeless, except as the rivers and streams are fringed 

 ■with groves. 



In 1870, the Farmers' Institute of the State Agricultural College pre- 

 pared a list of trees as worthy of trial for cultivation in this State, em- 

 bracing 24 kinds, viz: Ailanthus, ash, box-elder, catalpa, cedar, chest- 

 nut, coffee-bean, cottonwood, elm, hackberry, hickory, honey-locust, 

 larch (European), linden, locust, maple (silver and sugar), oak, osage 

 orange, pine, poplar, tulip-tree, black and white walnuts, and willows. 

 It was believed that all of these would thrive in congenial conditions 



1 Transactions of Kansas State Board of Agriculture, 1872, p. 326. 



