692 FOREST RESOURCES OF ARIZONA: NEVADA. 



Salix (Willow). Several species not determined. 



FopuJu8 angiiatifoHa (Narrow-Leaf Poplar). Not east of base of Rocky Mountain, at Fort 

 Benton and Fort Laramie. 



Populus hahamifera (Balsam-Poplar). The prevailing species of "cottonwood" on Mis- 

 souri River, above Fort Union and across Rocky Mountains; not uncommon to tho 

 west «oa8t. 



Populus treiniiloides (Aspen). At intervals throughout the mountains, usually about 

 gravelly ponds, but not common. 



Pimts coiilorta (Twisted Pine). Most prevalent tree of higher Rocky Mountains, as far on 

 the west slope as Deer Lodge Prairie. Beyond Bitter Root it again becomes abun- 

 dant. Its growth seems more dependent on a certain degree of moisture ratherthan 

 temperature. 



Pinus rUjida (Pitch-Pine). Common on east spurs of Rocky Mountains, in upper "Bad 

 Lands" of the Missouri, from Milk to Judith River, and on Black Hills near Fort 

 Laramie. 



Pinus po7iderosa (Yellow Pine). Prevailing species in most parts of Rocky Mountains 

 traversed. 



Pinus monticola (Western White Pine). Scattered trees on highest part of Rocky Mount- 

 ains ; from east base of Cceur d'Alene Range to summit it is abundant, but dis- 

 appears farther west. 



Abies Menzesii (Black Spruce). Abundant on higher part of Cceur d'Alene, as on the 

 coast. 



AUes grandis and amaiiUs (Oregon Yellow Fir). Perhaps the same species. From east 

 slope Cceur d'Alene Mountains westward. 



Ahies Douglasii (Red Fir). About same distribution as Pinus ponderosa. 



Abies WilUamsoni (Williamson's Spruce). Abundant only on summits of Cceur d'Alfino 

 Mountains, where it grows 3 teet in diameter and 100 feet high. 



Abies Meriensiana (Merten's Spruce). On slope of CcBur d'Alene llountains, but not on 

 summit. 



Larix occiden talis {V^e&tevu Larch). Bitter Root Valley, and common to Fort Colvillo. 



Thuja giganiea (Western Arbor Vitaj). Fully developed on western slope of Cceur d'Alene 

 Range ; trees range from 6 to 8 feet in diameter, and very close together. 



Juniperus Virginiana (Red Cedar). Large and abundant along the Upper Missouri, and 

 more scattered across Rocky Mountains. 



Taxxis brtvifolia (Oregon Yew). From eastern slopeof Cceur d'AlSne 'Mountains westward 

 to Lake Creur d'Alene. 



In speaking of the supplies of timber for the mining interests of Mon- 

 tana, Mr. Kaymond in his Eeport of 1870, p. 259, says: 



Fortunately, Montana is much better timbered than the Territories farther south, 

 although the forests are chiefly confined to the mountain ranges. Pine, fir, and 

 spruce abound in the mountains and canons, and small growths of balsams, alders, 

 willows, and aspens are found in the valleys in the neighborhood of larger streams. In 

 the immediate vicinage of active mining operations the supply is rapidly diminishing, 

 and transportation from a greater distance is necessary ; but the otherwise inexhausti- 

 ble supply is more seriously threatened by the extensive forest fires. During the past 

 dry summer (1869) these have been particularly disastrous, blackening an immense belt 

 of country. The most charitable explanation of their origin ascribes them to careless- 

 ness or natural phenomena, as it is difficult to conceive the degree of wantonness and 

 villainy necessary to undertake the intentional destruction of magnificent forests. 



ARIZONA TERRITORY. 



The mining enterprises of this territory have proved very destructive, 

 and have exhausted the supplies of one place after another, until wood and 

 timber are now procured only from considerable distances and at large 

 and rapidly increasing cost. The diflficulty and cost of procuring water 

 by irrigation will i^robably prevent anything being done with success, 

 excepting in the more favored localities, and as a general rule there can 

 be no timber grown without this aid. 



NEVADA. 



An article on the resources of California, published in the summer of 

 1870, states that the mines on the Comstock Lode in Nevada use from 

 40,000,000 to 50,000,000 feet of timber per annum, involving the clear- 



