618 SCHOOLS OF FORESTRY. 



n. ROYAL FOREST ACADEMY AT MUNDEN. 



This was inaugurated April 27, 18G8, under Dr. Gustav Heyer, as 

 director, and is subject to the general supervision of the Ministry of 

 Finances. The statutes and regulations are the same as at Neustadt- 

 Eberswalde. The attendance since 18G8 has been as follows : 



Royal Central Forest Academy at Aschaffenburg (Bavaria). 



A former forest institute, (dissolved in 1832), was newly organized in 

 1845, under the Bavarian Ministry of Finances. Course, two and one- 

 half years. On the 30th of March, 1874, the government decided to 

 unite this school with the University of Munich, but the necessary 

 appropriations for carrying this into effect had not been made at the 

 time of our receiving returns. A memorial volume relating to this 

 school has been published. Good service has been done to science by 

 experiment and observation at this station. 



Royal Saxon Forest Academy at Tharand. 



The germ of this school began at Zillbach, where in 1786, Heinrich 

 Cotta began to teach forestry. In 1795, it became more formally an 

 institution of learning, and in 1811 it was removed to Tharandt. lu 

 March, 1816, it became a public institution. In 1830 a department of 

 agriculture was annexed, but in 1870 this was removed, and it has since 

 remained a school of forestry only. From the ample details received 



which he enters the grade of Oberforster-kandidat. The difference between the two 

 examinations is explained to be, that the first testa the candidate's knowledge of theo- 

 retical forestry and cognate sciences, while the latter tests his ability to apply what 

 he has learned, and capability for employment as Oberforate^' and in the higher grades. 



"After passing the final examination, the Oberforster-kandidat is employed as an as- 

 sistant in the academies and control-ofSces, in making forest-surveys and working- 

 plans, and sometimes acting in charge of a Bevier, receiving certain daily or weekly 

 allowances while so employed. After five or six years of this probation, he may look 

 forward to being permanently appointed. Thus we have at least five years spent in 

 study, and another five years in probation, the former without pay and the latter only 

 with meager allowances while actually employed, before the would-be forest-officer is 

 installed ; and the time is generally much longer. Yet so great is the desire for gov- 

 ernment service, and particularly forest-service, in Prussia, and indeed in Germany 

 generally, that there is no lack of competitors." 



It is stated from information a few years ago that there were not less than 33 barons 

 or baronets who held appointments in the crown-forests of Prussia. — {Brown's School of 

 Forestry in Europe, 1877, p. 11.) 



The library of this institution has a published catalogue which shows 2,349 titles. 

 The collection of woods, by Dr. Robert Harting (third of the name), a professor at the 

 school, is prepared as blocks about a foot long, representing an entire section of the 

 trunk with the bark on. They are cut longitudinally into three pieces, of which one 

 section is through the center, and another parallel with this and of course tangent to 

 some of the circles of gro\Yth. One side shows the natural wood and the other a var- 

 nished surface, and the three are united by hinges, so as to open and close like a book. 



