632 SCHOOLS OF FORESTRY. 



of LiHsino, a forest school of the second class. The pnpils leaving this school receive 

 the rank of forest conductors, holding the places of forest aid agents and forest agents 

 of the fourth class. The course of studies at this school is practical, and the course 

 etndies extends to three years. 



Forest Division of the Agricultural and Forest Institute at New Alexandria. — Founded by 

 imperial decree of June 8, 1869, and located in one of the most beautiful sections of 

 Poland, on the banks of the Weichsel. The premises formerly belonged to Prince Gar- 

 tovysky, and are about 100 versts (60.6 miles) from the city of Warsaw. It is sur- 

 rounded by a fine park, adorned wih fountains and grottoes. There are three farms, 

 with an aggregate of about 900 acres, belonging to the institute. The institution ia 

 under the care of the Minister of Public Instruction in means of instruction, and as it 

 does not secure to its students employment in the state service, its attractions are less 

 than at some others. Since its opening, eight years since, the degree of "Learned 

 Forester'' has been conferred upon but nine students. 



FOREST SCHOOL IN FINLAND. 



In 1858 Baron von Berg, Oberforsirath in Saxony, was invited to visit professionally, 

 and to examine and report upon the condition and management of the state forests of 

 Finland. He did so, and in pursuance of his recommendation there was established, 

 by decree dated March 10, 18r)9, a forest school, for the instruction of canditates for 

 employment in the forest service, at the crown park of Evois, in Lampes-socken, in 

 Tavastnhus-liiu. It was opened April 15, of that year, fully organized, and placed 

 under the charge of a director and three resident lecturers and one field instructor.' 



ROYAL FOREST INSTITUTE AT STOCKHOLM. 



This was established by a royal order dated October 15, 1828, and reorganized May 

 25, 1860. It is placed under the management of a director and four teachers appointed 

 by the King, on the nomination of the forest administration, one for the care and 

 management of forests, one hunting and forest laws, one natural history, and one 

 mathematics. Assistance is granted to pupils by a certain number of stipends, the 

 amount being separately fixed, and assigned to such indigent students as may deserve 

 them through industry, skill, and good conduct.* 



Provision is also made for the establishment of other forest schools at suitable local- 

 ities, under the superintendence of the nearest district director of forests, and with a 

 teacher appointed by the Kinjj, on the proposal of the governor of the province, as- 

 sisted by a ranger. The instruciion at these schools embraces the first four rules of 

 arithmetic, proportion, and decimal numbers ; knowledge of scales for plan-drawing, 

 so far as required for making maps and measuring distances ; knowledge of square and 

 cubic measures, with practical application to the measuring of the extent and con- 

 tents of surfaces and solid bodies ; knowledge of the nourishing o'gans of the forest 

 trees and of their food, and the natural conditions for their thriving; knowledge of 

 the most dangerous insects of the Swedish forests, and of the manner of destroying 

 them ; the chief principles of rational forest economy, and knowledge of the rules 

 existing for the peace and keeping of forests, marking and carrying of timber, hunting, 

 and also the leading form for entering charges. The pupils are also to be practiced in 

 marking out and measuring forest-lines, tilliug-places, and sowing-fields; calculating 

 the cubic contents of trees and timber; the position of seed trees; sowing for hand 

 and planting, as well as the preparing of the siil for forest-growing ; collecting and 

 assorting forest seeds; clearing and cutting, assorting and piling timber; marking 

 cattle and the making out of grazing-lists ; laying up and keeping patrol-lists ; making 

 out lists of unlawfully-felled timber, on which embargo has been laid ; monthly re- 

 ports and service-accounts ; the trapping of beasts, and the grand chase. This course 

 extends one year, and ends with a public examination, successful pnpils receiving a 

 certificate of approved school. In 1874 seven such schools were reported as existing, 

 viz, at Sillre, Tierps, Ombergs, Hunnebergs, Boda, Danielslund, and a mixed school at 

 Skogshall. 



Assistance is also promised by the government in the establishment of private 

 forest schools, upon condition that the community where located furnish apartments 

 and pay for maintenance of the school, and that a report is made yearly to the forest 

 administration. 



In 1870 there were 13 private elementary schools of forestry. 



1 Brown's Schools of Forestry in Europe. 



*Ample information upon the organization of this school is given in a Eeport to the 

 Department of State, on the Forests and Forest Culture of Sweden, by the Hon. C, C. 

 Andrews, minister resident of the United States to Sweden and Norway, dated 

 August 5, 1872, We are also indebted to Geneial Andrews for much other information 

 concerning forestry in Sweden and Norway. 



H C. StaU CoOtge 



