October, igog. 



American Tiee -Journal]^ 



along all lines of agricultural science, 

 and especially so along apicultural and 

 pathological lines has led to increased 

 facilities for students specializing along 

 these lines. Properly qualified students 

 will find abundant opportunity for spe- 

 cial lines of research work both in 

 Berkeley, Cal., and in the field, and also 

 at some of the University sub-stations. 

 This is especially true in connection 

 with the Experimental Apiaries and 

 School of Apiculture on the University 

 Farm at Davis, Cal. 



13. Apiary Work. Mr. Benton. 

 A study of the community life of colonies 



of bees in the apiary inyolyingthe techniaue 

 of liandlinsr bees, including the more com- 

 mon manipulations. 



3 hrs.. I unit, either half year. S. «-i2. Re- 

 Quisite: To be accompanied or preceded 

 by course 14. 



14. General Apiculture. Mr. Benton. 

 An introductory course of lectures cover- 

 ing in outline the whole field of apiculture, 

 with special emphasis on the natural history 

 of the honey-bee. 



2 hrs.. either half year. M F, 0. 



15. Apicultural Practice. Mr. Richter. 

 A practical course in apiary management 



designed to meet the needs of those students 

 wishing to equip themselves as apiarists. 

 The \york includes hive-construction, tech- 

 nique of handling bees, wintering bees, 

 winter and stimulative feeding, building 

 up colonies for the harvest, bee-pasturage, 

 varieties of bees, requeening, and operations 

 attendant upon controlling increase and the 

 production and handling of wax and honey. 



5 hrs.. throughout the year: 2 units each 

 half year. Given at University Farm. Open 

 second half year to students who have had 

 course 13- 

 21. Honey and Wax Production. 



Mr. Benton. 



Lectures and apiary work, including 

 spring manipulation, building up colonies, 

 enlarging brood-nests, controlling increase. 

 wax production, and comb and extracted 

 honey production. 



4 hrs., 2 units, second half year. F. 1-5. 

 Prerequisite:! i,Course n. and Entomology i. 

 23. Queen-Rearing. Mr. Benton. 



Lectures and apiary work. Practical ex- 

 perience in the modern methods of queen- 

 rearing, the selection of stock, crossing, and 

 the comparison of the several varieties of 

 bees in the University apiary. 



7 hrs.. 3 units, second half year. W ii- Tu 

 Th. 1-4. Prerequisite: Course 13 and Ento- 

 mology I. 

 25, Bee-Diseases. Mr. Benton, 



Laboratory work with lectures and con- 

 ferences. A study of the symptoms, etiology, 

 and treatment of the various diseases of 

 bees. 



7 hrs.. 3 units, first half year. Wii; Tu 

 Th, 1-4. Prerequisite: Course 21 and Hy- 

 giene 2. 



30. Seminar in Apiculture. Mr. Benton. 



Discussion of topics in bee-keeping of 

 current interest, and some main theme 

 throughout each term. In 1908-0 the themes 

 for discussion were "Bee-Diseases" and 

 "Governmental Help in Apiculture." For 

 igoQ-iothe themes are. " Bee-Pasturage and 

 How Increase It; a Review of the Honey- 

 Producing Flora," and "Bee-Keeping as a 

 Field for Nature Study." 



1 hr., either half year, M 4. Open to stu- 

 dents enrolled in one or more advanced 

 courses in Apiculture. 



31. Special Studies. Mr. Benton. 

 There is abundant opportunity for quali- 

 fied students to take up lines of special 

 study either in Berkeley or elsewhere. 

 Students choosing Apiculture as major sub- 

 ject are required to spend one or more sea- 

 sons in the field or in the Experimental Api- 

 aries on the University Farm. Arrangements 

 have been made in some instances with 

 several large apiaries where students may 

 spend one or more seasons in the field or in 

 the Experimental Apiaries on the Univer- 

 sity Farm. Arrangements have been made 

 in some instances with several large apiaries 

 where students may spend a summer. Uni- 

 versity credit will be given in field courses 

 only upon the presentation of an acceptable 

 thesis on some phase of apicultural science 

 envolved in the work undertaken. 



2 or more units at hours to be arranged. 

 Open only to properly qualified students 

 upon consultation with the instructor. 



Protecting and Preserving Ex- 

 tracting Combs 



BY F. GREINER. 



After the extracting has been done 

 at the close of the season we have our 

 combs to look after. When the ex- 

 tracting lasts until away into Septem- 

 ber, the combs will usually keep after 

 they have been cleaned up, till another 

 year, without fumigating them, but 

 combs cannot well be left to themselves 

 much earlier; the larvae of the wax- 

 moth are apt to get in their destructive 

 work. 



Some have advised to leave the 

 combs as they come from the extractor, 

 wet with adhering honey. I cannot 

 consider this good economy, particu- 

 larly in a poor season like this. There 



bees have partly cleaned up and are on 

 their guard. The combs may be thus 

 left till it is time to take the bees into 

 the cellar. The wax-moth does not 

 trouble them. 



To preserve our combs we have at 

 times stacked them up on a long pur- 

 posely-made box, so that I could fumi- 

 gate the whole lot with one applica- 

 tion. We still do this. (I will send a 

 picture at another time, as I have no 

 print ready at this time.) This has 

 worked well and saved time, as I did 

 not have to examine the combs after 

 once being placed. All I had to do 

 was to fumigate them from time to 

 time. 



Naples, N. Y. 



Method of Keeping Combs. 



is in the neighborhood of 3 pounds 

 of honey in each set of my shal- 

 low frames, making a total of 200 

 to 300 pounds of honey in my stock of 

 extracting supers. Many of my colo- 

 nies are light, and need feeding up ; 

 these 200 or 300 pounds would save 

 quite a little sugar, if available. We 

 might set these combs out, all of them 

 at once ; the bees would clean them up 

 very quickly. We do this sometimes. 

 It works all right, although it is not 

 safe for any one to " nose around" the 

 bee-yard at this time. When allowing 

 our bees to clean out extracting combs, 

 of course, all colonies will get a share. 

 How, then, can we manage to let 

 certain few light colonies get the 

 benefit of the honey obtainable? The 

 picture herewith shows how I have 

 accomplished it before now. The bot- 

 tom-board upon which the extracting 

 supers are stacked up back of the col- 

 ony to be fed is so arranged that by 

 sliding the hive back a little the bees 

 can easily enter the to-be-cleaned up 

 supers. All must be made bee-tight, 

 and it is well to contract the entrance 

 of the hive. The arrangements should 

 be made at night when the bees have 

 ceased flying, otherwise a case of rob- 

 bing would ensue. By morning the 



No.lO--Bee-Keeping in Colorado 



BY R. C. AIKIN. 



We are nearing the close of the sea- 

 son. August and September practi- 

 cally end all summer work with the 

 bees so far as getting stores and the 

 bulk of all queen-matters are con- 

 cerned ; little can be done after Sept. 

 1st in this locality, and in almost every 

 place surely by the l-jth, in northern 

 latitudes. 



If, however, there are any colonies 

 yet having plenty of bees not very old 

 and plenty of stores, but having re- 

 cently become queenless, or have 

 queens that by all means ought to be 

 superseded, it may be now done if 

 done promptly. I think the most fea- 

 sible way to provide for such things is 

 to have nuclei provided earlier when 

 queens were in great abundance, about 

 swarming time, reared under the swarm 

 impulse, and given to these little colo- 

 nies to be fertilized and kept for such 

 uses. The few bees to make such colo- 

 nies cost but little. The young queens 

 will now be getting quite a bit of 

 brood ; just unite these with the colony 

 to be superseded or queenless by set- 

 ting the other or full colony right on 

 top of the nucleus. I would have the 

 nuclei in regular brood-chambers. 



Of course, in this uniting work the 

 colony to be united should be made 

 queenless, if not already so, but not 

 until ready, or about read}', to unite. 

 Take away the queen to be superseded, 

 thoroughly stir up her colony until 

 they are every last one as full of honey 

 as they can be — and this can best be 

 done by sprinkling them so completely 

 with sweetened water that they will be 

 so ; then set them over the nucleus, 

 with the least possible disturbance of 

 the latter. This would best be done so 

 late in the evening that they will not 

 fly any more that day. Put some ob- 

 struction at the hive-entrance so that 

 in the morning when they fly they are 

 sure to note something wrong and 

 mark the place. The nucleus should 

 be left in its own place. Remember 

 that the success of these direct unit- 

 ings lies in the most thorough subdu- 

 ing and the filling of honey-sacs of 

 those to be put with the other colony. 

 Bees with sacs full neither fight nor 

 will be fought. 



In August a colony can be re- 

 queened by destroying the old one and 

 giving brood so they may rear another, 

 cutting out cells of the mother if un- 



