BORAGE FAMILY. Boraginacese. 



west to Minn. Both of these last species are naturalized 

 from Europe. Litliospermum is formed of the Greek 

 words stone and seed, referring to the hard seed. 

 Lithospermum An indigenous species, the so-called 

 canescens Puccoon of the Indians. A perennial, 



Orange=yellow soft-hairy and rather hoary, with obtuse 

 March-June linear-oblong leaves, stemless and hairy. 

 The orange-yellow flowers with a broad corolla, salver- 

 formed and five-lobed, about inch long. 6-18 inches 

 high. Cross-fertilized by bees and butterflies ; some of 

 the latter are Papilio ajax, Papilio asterias, Colias 

 philodice, and Osmia cobaltina. In dry soil, Me., south 

 to N. J. and Ala., and west to Minn., S. Dak., Kan., and 

 Ariz. Rare in New Eng. The roots yield a red dye. 



A densely harsh- hairy perennial herb, 

 Gromwell ^he nan * s ^ which lean toward stem and , 



Onosmodium leaf, the stem slender and branching. The 

 Virginianum light green leaves oblong lance-shaped. 

 Cream white Flowers cylindrical, cream white, w r ith 

 five long sharp lobes ; the style threadlike 

 and extending far beyond the mouth of the corolla ; the 

 calyx with five sharp segments ; the flower-cluster at 

 first curved, finally erect and long. Flowers ^ inch long. 

 The flower matures the stigma before the anthers ; it is 

 mostly cross-fertilized by the butterflies. 1-2 feet high. 

 Banks and hillsides from Me., south, and west to Kan. 



A rough-bristly annual species, natural- 

 Small Bugloss , . _, -4.1 iT 

 Li copsis lze fr m Europe, with a branching stem 

 arvensis and lance-shaped leaves. The light blue- 

 Light violet violet flowers in crowded clusters, the 

 June- calyx nearly as long as the curved corolla. 

 1-2 feet high. In fields and on roadsides 

 near dwellings, from Me. to Pa. and Va. The name 

 Greek, TLvicoS, a wolf, and oi/>i$, a face ; but the flower's 

 face scarcely looks that way ! 



Sometimes called blueweed, and in fact 

 Vingr's 



Buff loss a fl wer sufficiently approaching a blue 



Echium vulgar e tone to justify the name ; but the bios- 

 Blue=violet soms actually range between lilac, purple, 

 June-July an( j v i o i e fc o f a bluish cast. It is a bien- 

 nial with an exceedingly bristly-hairy stem, and hairy- 

 382 



