COMPOSITE FAMILY. Compositae. 



dandelion, closes in rainy or cloudy weather and opens 

 only in sunshine. There are few florets in a single head 

 out these are highly developed with gracefully curved, 

 oranching styles ; the exposure of the double stigmatic 

 surface thus, in a measure, insures self-fertilization in 

 the absence of insects. The most frequent visitors are 

 the bees the honeybee, the leaf -cutter bee (Megachile), 

 and various species of Halietus and Andrena, ground 

 bees. 1-3 feet high. 



An odd but attractive plant, naturalized 



from Europe, with a stout stem, and a 

 Hawkweed ' 



Hieradum flower-cup closely covered with sepia 



aurantiacum brown hairs, the rusty character of which 

 Tawny orange gave it the common name in England or 

 Grim the Collier. The coarse, blunt, lance* 

 shaped leaves covered with short gray 

 hairs are nearly all at the base of the plant. The tawny 

 orange flowers (with light golden pistils), strap-rayed and 

 finely fringed at the edge, are grouped in a small ter- 

 minal cluster, and are quite delicately fragrant. Visited 

 ^ by the bees Halietus and Andrena, and the smaller 

 butterflies Pieris rapce, white, and Colias philodice, 

 yellow. 7-16 inches high. In fields, woodlands, and 

 along roads, from Me., south to Pa., and west to N. Y. 

 Growing to be a troublesome weed in fields and pastures 

 of northern Vermont. 



A generally smooth species ; the light 



anada green, lance-shaped leaves with coarse and 



Hieradum wide-spread teeth, and the dandelionlike, 



Canadense very small yellow flowers in a loose 



Pure yellow branching cluster terminating the leafy 



July ~ stem. In October the plant is decorated 



September 



with tiny brown globes of down. 1-4 feet 



high. In dry woods northward, south only to N. J. 



A similar northern plant with a droop- 

 ing-branched loose flower-cluster, gener- 



paniculatum 



ally smooth stem and lance-shaped leaves, 



and smaller yellow flowers. The thin leaves almost 

 stemless, and very slightly, if at all, toothed. 1-3 feet 

 high. South as far as Ga. 



