SPECIES AND VARIETIES. 67 



(88) Carpinns. HORNBEAM. 



C. Betulus : tree ; leaves deciduous, ovate acute, parallel- 

 veined, plaited when young; catkins drooping, about 1J 

 inch long, the female ones slender, often several inches long 

 when in fruit; fruit-bracts 3-lobed, leafy, the middle lobe 

 elongated. Woods and hedges. Fl. May. 



(89) Finns. PINE. 



P. sylvestris : tree ; leaves evergreen, rigid, subulate, grow- 

 ing in pairs, each pair surrounded by a membranous sheath ; 

 male catkins small, oblong, clustered ; young cones small 

 ovate- conical stalked recurved, in the mature state enlarged 

 formed of woody close-set scales. Scotch Fir or Common 

 Pine. Highlands. Fl. May. 



(90) Jnniperns. JUNIPER. 



J. commimis : shrub ; leaves evergreen, linear, spreading, 

 with a prickly point, growing in whorls of three; catkins 

 minute, axillary ; fruits globose, dark purple. Calcareous 

 hills and downs. Fl. May. 



(91) Taxns. YEW. 



T. baccata : tree ; leaves evergreen, crowded, linear, dis- 

 posed in two ranks so as to form flattened spray; catkins 

 small, axillary; fruit roundish, bright red, forming a fleshy 

 cup around the hard seed. Mountain woods and limestone 

 cliffs. Fl. March. 



(92) Arum. CUCKOO-PINT. 



A. maculatum : tuberous ; leaves ovately halberd- shaped 

 or almost arrow-shaped, entire, often purple- spotted ; spathe 



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