GROUPS AND ORDERS. 137 



or eight stamens, or two each, with two stamens ; seeds nu- 

 merous. 



25. Haloragaceous plants herbs ; leaves whorled ; flowers mi- 



nute, the calyx four-lobed or wanting ; stamens 8-6-4, or 

 sometimes reduced to one ; fruit dry, containing a solitary 

 seed. 



26. Cornaceous plants shrubs ; leaves opposite ; calyx-teeth 



petals and stamens four each ; fruit 1-2-celled, the cells con- 

 taining a solitary seed. 



ft Flowers in umbels. 



27. Umbelliferous plants herbs; leaves alternate; fruit dry, 



of two carpels adhering by their face (commissure) to a 

 common central axis ; seed solitary. 



Monopetals : Dichlamydeous plants, with the petals united 

 (from the base more or less upwards) into a single piece; 

 Orders 28 to 52. 



* Stamens epigynous ; (ovary inferior) . 



f Stamens attached to the corolla, the filaments cohering in 

 three parcels. 



28. Cucurbitaceous plants herbs ; leaves lobed ; flowers uni- 



sexual, the calyx and corolla each five-parted ; fruit succulent. 



"ft Stamens attached to the corolla, separate, alternating with 

 its lobes ; (ovules mostly solitary) . 



J Fruit three- to five-celled. 



29. Caprifoliaceous plants shrubs or herbs ; leaves opposite ; 



corolla five- rarely four-lobed, regular or irregular ; fruit- 

 cells one- or few-seeded. 



JJ Fruit double, formed of two united one-seeded carpels. 



30. Galiaceous plants herbs ; leaves and leaf-like stipules 



whorled around the four-angled stems ; corolla four-lobed. 



