GROUPS AND ORDERS. 141 



56. Polygonaceous plants herbs ; leaves with ochreate or 



sheathing stipules ; perianth small ; styles two or more. 



ft Calyx superior. 



57. Santalaceous plants herbs ; perianth with four or five 



small valvate lobes, and with four or five stamens opposite 

 its lobes ; styles simple ; ovules 2-3 ; seed solitary. 



** Carpels combined, two- or more-celled. 

 t Calyx inferior. 



58. Euphorbiaceous plants herbs or shrubs; flowers unisexual ; 



fruit consisting of three carpels, each containing one or two 

 pendulous seeds. 



ft Calyx superior. 



59. Aristolochiaceous plants herbs ; perianth irregular or 



three-lobed ; stamens 12 ; ovary 3-6-celled, the cells many- 

 seeded. 



DICTYOGENOUS PLANTS. 



Leaves with netted veins. Flowers usually ternary the 

 parts in threes. Embryos as in Endogens. This group con- 

 sists of the Orders numbered 60 and 61. 



* Perianth inferior. 



60. Trilliaceous plants herbs ; leaves whorled ; flowers herma- 



phrodite ; fruit 3-5-celled, succulent ; seeds indefinite. 



** Perianth superior. 



61. Dioscoreaceous plants climbing herbs; leaves alternate; 



flowers unisexual ; fruit 3-celled, the cells 1-2-seeded. 



ENDOGENOUS PLANTS or MONOCOTYLEDONS. 

 Leaves with parallel veins. Flowers usually ternary the 

 parts in threes. Embryos with one cotyledon; hence mono- 



