72 VIOLET FAMILY. 



= = = Rootstock long and slender, extensively creeping; spur almost as 

 long as the beardless petals. 



V. Selkirk!!, Pursh. SELKIRK'S V. Small, only 2' high, the rounded, 

 heart-shaped leaves spreading flat 1 on the ground ; the flower large in pro- 

 portion ; on shady banks, only N. 



w- *-* Flowers (small} white, the lower petal purplish-veined. 



V. blanda, Willd. SWEET WHITE V. Very common, with faintly 

 sweet-scented flowers ; petals mostly beardless ; leaves rounded heart- 

 shaped or kidney-shaped. 



V. primulaef6lia, Linn. PRIMROSE-LEAVED V. Between the last and 

 next, has oblong or ovate leaves, abrupt or cordate at base ; petals spar- 

 ingly bearded. Toward the coast. 



V. lanceolata, Linn. LANCE-LEAVED V. Leaves lanceolate, tapering 

 into long petioles ; petals beardless. Commonest E. and S. 



4-v .M. *+ Flowers yellow ; lateral petals with brown veins. 



V. rotundif61ia, Michx. ROUND-LEAVED V. Leaves roundish, heart- 

 shaped, flat on the ground, becoming large and shining in summer ; spreads 

 by runners ; flowers small. In cold woods N., and S. in Alleghanies. 



* # LEAFY-STEMMED VIOLETS, wild, perennial ; flowering in spring and 



summer ; stipules not leaf-like. 



*- Stipules entire ; spur very short. 

 ++ Stems 2-4-leaved above, naked below ; flowers yellow, short-spurred. 



V. pubescens, Ait. DOWNY YELLOW V. Soft-downy, also a rather 

 smooth variety ; leaves broadly heart-shaped ; stipules large. Woods, 

 common. 



V. hastata, Michx. HALBERD-LEAVED V. Smoother ; leaves halberd- 

 shaped or oblong-heart-shaped ; stipules small. Scarce W. and S. 



w- *-* Stems more leafy; flowers white and violet. 



V. Canade'nsis, Linn. CANADA V. Common in rich woods N. and 

 W. ; l-2 high, large-leaved ; flowers all summer ; the petals white or 

 purplish above, the upper ones violet-purple underneath ; spur very short 

 and blunt. 



*- - Stipules fringe-toothed ; spur oblong to cylindrical ; flowers white 



or violet. 



V. striata, Ait. PALE V. Low ; flowers creamy- white, with lower petal 

 purple-lined ; spur short ; stipules large in proportion. Not rare N. and W. 



V. rostr&ta, Pursh. LONG-SPURRED V. 6' high, and slender spur 

 longer than* the pale violet, beardless petals. Fields N. and W. 



V. canlna, Linn. DOG V., the Amer. variety (var. Muhlenbergii, 

 Gray). Low, with creeping branches or short runners ; spur cylindric, 

 half the length of the violet flower ; lateral petals slightly bearded ; com- 

 mon in low grounds. 



* * * PANSY VIOLETS, from Europe, with leafy and branching stems and 



large, leaf-like stipules ; flowering through the spring and summer. 



V. tricolor, Linn. PANSY or HEART'S-EASE. Cult, or running wild in 

 gardens, low, with roundish leaves or the upper oval and lowest heart- 

 shaped ; stipules lyrate-pinnatifid ; petals of various colors, and often 

 variegated, and under cultivation often very large and showy, the spur 

 short and blunt. Var. arvensis, is a field variety, slender and small- 

 flowered, thoroughly naturalized in some places. (I) (2) 'JJ. 



V. cornuta, Linn. HORNED V. Sometimes cult, in borders ; has stipules 

 merely toothed, and light violet-purple flowers with a very long and 

 slender spur. 2/ Pyrenees. 



