CASHEW FAMILY. 113 



1. Leaves compound; fruit symmetrical, with style terminal. 



* Flowers whitish, in large and very compact terminal panicles, in early 

 summer, succeeded by a compact mass of crimson fruit, beset with red- 

 dish acid hairs ; not poisonous. Leaves pinnate. 



*- Petioles not winged ; leaflets glabrous or hairy only on veins beneath. 



R. typhina, Linn. STAGHORN SUMACH. Shrub or tree, 10-30 high ; 

 juice resinous-milky ; branches and stalks velvety -hairy ; large leaves of 

 11-31 lance-oblong, pointed, and serrate leaflets. Hillsides ; also planted. 

 There is a cut-leaved form in cultivation. 



R. glabra, Linn. SMOOTH S. Shrub 2-12 high, like the last, but 

 smooth, the leaflets whitened beneath. Var. laciniata, in Penn M 

 has the leaflets cut into narrow, irregular lobes; planted. Rocky 

 places. 



i- -t- Petioles winged or margined; leaflets densely pubescent beneath. 



R. copallina, Linn. DWARF S. Shrub l-5 high, spreading by sub- 

 terranean shoots ; stalks and branches downy ; leaflets 9-21, oblong or 

 lance-ovate oblique, entire or serrate, thickish and shining above ; panicle 

 as long as leaves ; drupes sparsely pilose ; juice resinous. Rocky or 

 sandy ground. 



R. semia/ata, Murr., var. Osb6ckii, DC. WINGED S. A small tree or 

 shrub ; leaflets 4-6 pairs, sessile, crenate-serrate ; panicle very large, 

 equaling the leaves ; drupes densely tomentose. Japan. 



* * Flowers in slender axillary panicles, in summer ; fruit smooth, white 

 or dun-color ; leaves pinnate or trifoliate, poisonous to the touch for 

 most people, the juice resinous. 



R. venenata, DC. POISON SUMACH, P. ELDER, or P. DOGWOOD. 



Shrub 6-18 high, smooth, with pinnate leaves of 7-13 obovate, entire 

 leaflets, and very slender panicles. More virulent than the next. Swampy 

 ground. 



R. Toxicod^ndron, Linn. POISON IVY or POISON OAK. Climbing by 

 rootlets over rocks, etc., or ascending trees ; leaflets 3, rhombic-ovate, 

 often sinuate or cut-lobed, rather downy beneath. A vile pest. Common 

 in low grounds. Var. radicans is more erect, less poisonous, with more 

 entire leaves. 



* * * Flowers light yellow, dioecious, in small, scaly-bracted and catkin- 

 like spikes, in spring before the leaves appear; leaves of 3 cut-lobed 

 leaflets. 



R. Canaddnsis, Marsh. FRAGRANT S. A straggling bush, with the 

 small, rhombic-ovate leaflets pubescent when young, aromatic-scented. 

 Rocky places from Vermont W. and S. 



Var. trilobata, Gray, far westward, has smaller crenate leaflets. 



2. Leaves simple, entire ; fruit gibbous, the remains of the style lateral ; 

 flowers in loose, ample- panicles ; pedicels elongating and becoming 

 feathery. 



R. Cbtinus, Linn. SMOKE TREE or VENETIAN SUMACH. Shrub 5-9 

 high, smooth, with obovate leaves on slender petioles ; fruits very few, 

 half -heart-shaped ; usually most of the flowers are abortive, while their 

 pedicels lengthen, branch, and bear long plumy hairs, making large and 

 light, feathery, or cloud-like bunches, either greenish or tinged with red. 

 In common cultivation. 



R. cotinoldes, Nutt. Leaves thin, oval, 3'-6' long. Otherwise as in 

 the preceding. Mo., Tenn., and S. 

 GRAY'S F. F. & G. BOT. 8 



