154 ROSE FAMILY. 



acute leaflets, or the side-leaflets parted, making 6, all doubly serrate; 

 peduncle bearing 1-3 small flowers, and the fruit of few grains. Low 

 woods, N. 



* * Bushes i the canes woody. 



*- Not hairy, although bristly or prickly. 



R. occidentals, Linn. BLACK R., BLACKCAP, or THIMBLEBERRY. 



Borders of fields and thickets N., especially where ground has been 

 burned over; glaucous-whitened, the long, recurving stems, stalks, etc., 

 armed with hooked prickles, but no bristles ; leaflets mostly 3, ovate, 

 pointed, white-downy beneath, coarsely doubly toothed, the lateral ones 

 stalked; flowers in close umbel-like clusters, or some of them somewhat 

 scattered, the petals shorter than the sepals ; fruit purple-black (or an 

 amber-colored variety), flattish, ripe at midsummer. Parent of the Black 

 Raspberries of the garden. 



R. strigdsus, Michx. WILD RED R. Common especially N. ; 2-3 

 high, the upright stems, stalks, etc., beset with copious bristles, and some 

 of them becoming weak prickles, also glandular; leaflets oblong-ovate, 

 pointed, cut-serrate, white-downy beneath, the lateral ones (either 1 or 

 2 pairs) not stalked ; flowers in more or less raceme-like clusters, the 

 petals as long as the sepals, the latter more or less glandular ; fruit light 

 red, tender and watery, but high flavored, ripening all summer. Parent 

 of some of the Red Raspberries of the garden. 



R. NEGLECTUS, a hybrid between the last two, has given rise to the 

 Shaffer, Philadelphia, and other garden varieties of the PURPLE CANE 

 class. 



R. /debus, Linn. EUROPEAN RASPBERRY. Tall and nearly erect, beset 

 with straight, slender prickles, or many of them mere bristles, the canes 

 whitish ; leaves thicker, and fruit firmer and larger than in R. strigosus, 

 red or yellowish, ripening through the summer ; calyx glandless. Parent 

 of the Antwerp and other garden Raspberries ;. once much grown, but 

 now mostly out of cultivation in this country. 



-i- *- Densely glandular-hairy. 



R. phcenicolasius, Maxim. WINEBERRY. Strong bush with the habit 

 of a raspberry, the branches covered with a copious red hair ; the dull 

 and sparsely hairy, wedge-ovate or wedge-cordate, toothed, and jagged 

 leaflets very white-tomentose below ; flowers in fascicled clusters ; the 

 soft reddish fruits at length inclosed in the great hairy calyx, edible. 

 Japan. 



3. BLACKBERRIES and DEWBERRIES ; with the pulpy grains of the fruit 

 remaining attached to the pulpy receptacle, which at length falls away 

 from the calyx; steins prickly; leaves of 3 or pedately 5-7 leaflets; 

 flowers on leafy shoots from stems of the preceding year, in spring and 

 early summer, with white spreading petals. 



* Stems more or less woody; fruit black (rarely amber) when ripe, 

 edible, ripening in summer and autumn. 



<- Stems more or less erect, not propagating from the tip. BLACK- 

 BERRIES. 



R. vil!6sus, Ait. HIGH BLACKBERRY. Everywhere along thickets, 

 fence-rows, etc. ; stems l-6 high, furrowed ; prickles strong and hooked ; 

 leaflets 3-5, ovate or lance-ovate, pointed, their lower surface and stalks 

 hairy and glandular, the middle one long-stalked and sometimes heart- 

 shaped ; flowers rather large, with short bracts, in distinct leafless racemes ; 

 fruit oblong or cylindrical. The common Blackberry of gardens, running 

 into many forms. 



