CALYCANTHUS FAMILY. 163 



showy flowers, which are produced in spring earlier than the oval or 

 wedge-oblong leaves, on side spurs, in great abundance, single or more 

 or less double, scarlet-red, or sometimes almost white varieties ; calyx 

 with short and rounded lobes ; fruit green- speckled, very hard, sometimes 

 used for jellies. 



XXXVIII, CALYCANTHACEJ!, CALYCANTHUS FAMILY. 



Shrubs with opposite, entire leaves, no stipules, sepals and 

 petals imbricated and indefinite in number and passing one 

 into the other, stamens few or many, with anthers turned out- 

 wards, all these parts on a hollow receptacle or bracted calyx 

 cup in the manner of a rose hip, inclosing numerous pistils 

 which ripen into akenes. Cotyledons rolled up from one mar- 

 gin. Flowers rather large, mostly aromatic, as is the wood 

 also. (Lessons, Fig. 424.) 



1. CALYCANTHUS. Flowers livid-purple or dull red, solitary in the axils or terminating 



leafy branches, with loose bracts passing to colored lanceolate sepals, and these into 

 similar thickish petals, which are borne on the summit of the closed calyx tubej 

 within these are numerous short stamens ; the outer having anthers ending in a tip, 

 the inner smaller and with imperfect anthers or none. Pistils inclosed in the fleshy 

 cup ; ovary with 2 ovules ; styles slender. Akenes oval, coriaceous, inclosed in the 

 leathery hip, which becomes about 2 ' long. 



2. CHIMONANTHUS. Flowers yellow and purplish, along naked shoots, sessile in axils 



of fallen leaves. Bracts and sepals scale-like, ovate, purplish, or brownish. Petals 

 honey-yellow, or the innermost red. Stamens with anthers only 5. 



1. CALYCANTHUS, CAROLINA ALLSPICE or SWEET-SCENTED 

 SHRUB. (Greek : cup and flower.} All wild in U. S., and culti- 

 vated, especially the first, which has fragrant strawberry-scented 

 blossoms. Flowers spring and all summer. Mostly natives of elevated 

 lands. 



C. fldridus, Linn. Wild S. of Va. in rich woods ; leaves soft-downy 

 beneath, l''-3' long, oval or oblong. 



C. Igevigatus, Willd. Wild from S. Penn., S. along the Alleghanies. 

 Smooth and green, with oval or oblong leaves l'-3' long, and rather 

 small flowers (1|' across). 



C. glafccus, Willd. Wild from Va., S. ; like the foregoing (possibly 

 a variety of it), but with mostly larger and taper-pointed leaves, glaucous 

 beneath. 



C. occidentalis, Hook & Arn. WESTERN C. Smooth, with ovate or 

 ovate-oblong and slightly heart-shaped, larger leaves (5'-6' long), green 

 both sides, the upper surface roughish ; the brick-red flowers 3' across, 

 scentless ; akenes hairy. Cult, from Cal. 



2. CHIMONANTHUS, JAPAN ALLSPICE. (Greek: winter- 

 flower; it flowers in winter in a mild temperate climate.) 



C. fragrans, Lindl. Shrub with long branches, which may be trained 

 like a climber, smooth, lance-ovate, pointed leaves, and rather small fra^ 

 grant flowers ; hardy S. of Penn. 



