214 MADDER FAMILY. 



monly distinct, more or less elongated peduncles ; corolla tube broadly 

 funnel-shaped. 



D. floribunda, Sieb. & Zucc. (D. vERsfcoLOR and D. MULTIFLORA). 

 Calyx teeth linear ; corolla tube narrowly funnel-shaped ; flowers brown- 

 ish or at first greenish, becoming purplish ; leaves villous ; ovary and calyx 

 hairy. 



LVIII, RUBIACKE, MADDER FAMILY. 



Like the preceding family, but with stipules between the 

 opposite (or sometimes ternately whorled) entire leaves, or 

 else (as in Gralium) the leaves whorled without stipules. 

 Fruit a capsule or berry. An immense family in the tropics, 

 and here represented by several wild and a few commonly 

 cultivated species. The CINCHONA or PERUVIAN BARK trees 

 belong here ; also COFFEE, of which the best known species is 

 COFFEA ARABICA, a shrub or small tree, sometimes cult, in 

 conservatories, with smooth and glossy oblong leaves, bearing 

 fragrant white flowers in their axils, followed by the red 

 berries, containing the pair of seeds. 



* Leaves opposite, with stipules ; ovules numerous in each cell. 

 -j- Low herbs. 



1. HOUSTONIA. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, the 4 lobes valvate in the bud. 



Stamens 4. Style 1 ; stigmas 2. Pod short, 2-celled, the upper part rising more or 

 less free from the 4-lobed calyx, opening across the top, and ripening rather few 

 (4-20 in each cell) saucer-shaped or thimble-shaped pitted seeds. Stipules short and 

 entire, sometimes a mere margin connecting the bases of the opposite leaves. Flowers 

 more or less dimorphous. 



2. OLDENLANDIA. Like Houstonia, but corolla mostly wheel-shaped, and the seeds 



angular and very numerous. 



-- +- Shrubs or trees. 



8. PINCKNEYA. Flowers in a terminal compound cyme. Calyx with 5 lobes, 4 of 

 them small and lanceolate, the fifth often transformed into a large bright rose- 

 colored leaf. Corolla hairy, with a slender tube and 5 oblong-linear recurving lobes. 

 Stamens 5, protruding. Fruit a globular 2-celled pod, filled with very many thin- 

 winged seeds. 



4. GAEDENIA. Flowers solitary at the end of the branches or nearly so, large, very 



fragrant. Calyx with 5 or more somewhat leaf-like lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped or 

 salver-shaped, with 5 or more spreading lobes convolute in the bud, and as many 

 linear anthers sessile in its throat. Style 1 ; stigma of 2 thick lobes. Fruit fleshy, 

 surmounted by the calyx lobes, ribbed down the sides, many-seeded. 



5. BOUVARDIA. Flowers in clusters at the end of the branches. Calyx with 4 slender 



lobes. Corolla with a long and slender or somewhat trumpet-shaped tube, and 4 

 short, spreading lobes, valvate in the bud. Anthers 4, almost sessile in the throat. 

 Style 1 ; stigma of 2 flat lips. Pod small, globular, 2-celled. Seeds wing-margined. 



* * Leaves opposite or in 3's or 4's, with stipules ; ovule solitary in each cell. 



+- Low herbs or creepers, with narrow funnel form or salver-form corolla, its lobes 



(valvate in the bud') and the stamens 4. 



6. DIODIA. Flowers 1-3, sessile in the axils of the narrow leaves. Stipules sheathing, 



dry, fringed with long bristles. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-), celled, in fruit splitting into 2 

 hard and dry closed nutlets. Calyx teeth 2-5, often unequal. 



