244 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



A. artemisiaeffclia, Linn. ROMAN WORMWOOD, HOGWEED, RAGWEED, 

 or BITTERWEEU. Waste places and roadsides ; l-3 high, hairy or rough- 

 ish ; twice pinnatifid leaves, either opposite or alternate, pale or hoary be- 

 neath ; staminate heads in panicled racemes or spikes, the small, roundish 

 fruit with about 6 little teeth or spines. 



33. XANTHIUM, COCKLEBUR, CLOTBUR. (Greek : yellow, the 

 plants said to yield that color.) Coarse and vile weeds, with stout and 

 low branching stems, alternate and petioled, merely toothed or lobed 

 leaves, and obscure greenish flowers, produced all summer. (D 

 (p. 222.) # Triple spines in the axils of the leaves. 



X. spinosum, Linn. Stems slender and hoary, l-2 ; leaves nar- 

 rowed at both ends, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes lobed or cut ; fruit invo- 

 lucre ^' long, with 1 beak. Waste places, E. Tropics. 



* * No spines in the axils. 



X. strumarium, Linn. Leaves cordate or ovate, dentate, often lobed; 

 fruit involucre '-if' long, glabrous or puberulent, with nearly straight 

 beaks and slender spines. Plant l-2. Waste places. Old World. 



X. Canadense, Mill. Stouter ; fruit 1' long, densely prickly and 

 hispid, the beaks usually hooked or strongly curved. Waste places. 



34. ZINNIA. (J. Cr. Zinn, a German botanist.) Commonly culti- 

 vated for ornament, (p. 227.) 



Z. e/egans, Jacq. GARDEN ZINNIA. Leaves o.vate, heart-shaped, half- 

 clasping ; heads very large, rose-colored, purple, violet, red, or white, 

 2'-3' in diameter, also full-double like a small Dahlia ; chaff of receptacle 

 crested-toothed at tip ; akenes barely 2-toothed at summit. Mexico. (D 

 Cult, in many forms and under many names. 



Z. paucifldra, Linn, (or Z. MULTIFLORA). Less common in gardens, being 

 less showy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; peduncle hollow, much enlarged 

 under the head ; rays obovate, red-purple ; chaff blunt, entire ; akenes 

 1-awned. Mexico. 



Z. angustifolia, HBK. (Cult, as Z. A^IREA), from Mexico; is widely 

 and copiously branched, rough-hairy, with lanceolate leaves ; many small 

 heads ; oval orange-yellow rays, and conspicuously pointed chaff. 



35. HELIOFSIS, OXEYE. (Greek-made name, from the likeness 

 to Sunflower.) ^ (p. 228.) 



H. leevis, Pers. Resembles a Sunflower, but has pistillate rays and 

 4-sided akenes, sometimes without pappus ; l-4 high, smooth ; leaves 

 ovate or lance-ovate, triple-ribbed, petioled, serrate ; head of golden- 

 yellow flowers (with linear rays) terminating the branches, in summer ; 

 pappus of 2-4 minute teeth, or 0. N. Y., W. and S. 



H. scabra, Dunal. Roughish, particularly the leaves, which are more 

 narrowly pointed, and the upper ones sometimes entire ; rays broader ; 

 pappus of 2 or 3 conspicuous teeth. N. Y., W. and S. 



36. ECHINACEA, PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. (Greek; hedgehog, 

 viz., receptacle with prickly pointed chaff.) 2/ (p. 228.) 



E. purpfcrea, Moench. Stems (usually smooth) l-2 high, from a 

 thick and black, pungent-tasted root (called Slack Samson by quack- 

 doctors), bearing ovate or ^nceolate, 5-nerved and veiny leaves, the lower 

 long-petioled, and terminated by a large head; rays 15-20, dull rose- 

 purple. Penn., W and S, 



