256 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



67. CENTAUREA, CENTAUREA or STAR THISTLE. (Chiron 



the Centaur.) (p. 222.) 



* Flowers all alike in the head, the marginal ones not enlarged and ray- 

 like ; pappus of very short bristles ; scales of head with dark-fringed 

 appendage. 



C. nlgra, Linn. KNAPWEED. A coarse weed, in fields and waste places 

 E., nat. from Eu.; stem 2 high; leaves roughish, lance-oblong, the 

 lower with some coarse teeth ; flowers purple. ^ 



* * Marginal flowers more or less enlarged, forming a kind of false ray, 

 and sterile,' pappus of bristles; scales of head with fringed appendage. 



C. Cineraria, Linn, (or C. CANDIDISSIMA). A low species, cult, from S. 

 Eu., with very white-woolly twice-pinnatifid leaves, and purple flowers, 

 the outermost little enlarged ; not hardy N. 2Z 



C. Cyanus, Linn. BLUEBOTTLE, CORNFLOWER, BACHELOR'S BUTTON. 

 In gardens, from Eu., sparingly running wild ; loosely cottony, with 

 stem leaves linear and mostly entire, solitary long-stalked head, the outei 

 flowers very large and blue, with white or rose-colored varieties. (g) 



* * * Marginal sterile flowers many ; pappus of narrow chaff, or none, 



scales of head naked and smooth. Cult, for ornament, from Asia. 



C. moschata, Linn, (or C. SUAVEOLENS ; AMBERB6A MOSCHATA and A. 

 ODORATA). SWEET SULTAN. Smooth, with mostly piimatifid leaves, 

 long-stalked head of yellow, rose or white fragrant flowers, the outer 

 ranks enlarged, and chaffy-bristled pappus or 0. 



68. CARTHAMUS, SAFFLOWER, FALSE SAFFRON. (Arabic 

 name, from the properties of the orange-colored flowers, which are 

 used in dyeing or coloring yellow, as a substitute for true Saffron.) 

 (p. 222.) 



C. tinctdrius, Linn. Cult, in country gardens, from the Orient ; smooth, 

 6'-12' high, with ovate-oblong leaves and large head, in summer. 



69. LAMFSANA, NIPPLEWORT. (Old Greek name.) (p. 228.) 



L. commtinis, Linn. Homely weed E., from Eu. ; l-2, nearly smooth, 

 slender ; lower leaves ovate and somewhat lyrate ; heads yellow, small, 

 in loose panicles. 



70. KRIGIA, DWARF DANDELION. (David Krieg, a German 

 botanical collector in Md. and Del.) 



* Pappus of 5-7 bristles, alternating with a like number of roundish 



scales. 



K. Virglnica, Willd. Stems several-flowered, 2'-12' high, branching 

 as they mature ; early leaves roundish and entire, the later ones narrow 

 and often pinnatifid. N. and S. 



* * 2Z Pappus 0/15-20 bristles, and fewer oblong scales. 



K. Dandelion, Nutt. Scape leafless, 6'-18' high; leaves spatulate- 

 oblong to lanceolate, entire or few lobed ; root tuberiferous. Md., S. 



K. amplexicatilis, Nutt. Scape bearing 1-3 oblong or oval clasping, 

 mostly entire leaves ; radical leaves toothed or lobed, wing-petioled. N. 

 andS. 



