The Development of Life 43 



social cell-communities, and subsequently tissue- 

 forming plants and animals" (p. 131). 



In this hypothesis of automatic origin by 

 the agency of matter and energy alone, he 

 could probably find many biologists to agree 

 with him speculatively ; but he goes further 

 than some of them, for he does not limit the 

 automatic or material development to animal 

 and vegetable life alone : he throws auto- 

 matic consciousness in, too : 



" The c cellular theory \ . . has given us the 

 first true interpretation of the physical, chemical, 

 and even the psychological, processes of life" 



( P . 1). 



" Consciousness, thought, and speculation are 

 functions of the ganglionic cells of the cortex of 

 the brain " (p. 6). 



" The peculiar phenomenon of consciousness is 

 not, as du Bois-Reymond and the dualistic school 

 would have us believe, a completely c transcen- 

 dental ' problem : it is, as I showed thirty-three 

 years ago, a physiological problem, and as such, 

 must be reduced to the phenomena of physics and 

 chemistry" (p. 6$). 



Holding such a view concerning con- 

 sciousness, in the teeth of the general 



