210 



MACIIINEEY IN CONNECTIOIS" WITH WATER. 



Apple 68 to .79 



Ash, ^vllite 72 to .84 



Beech 72 to .85 



Box 91 to 1.32 



Cherry 71 



Cork 24 



Ehu .58 to .67 



Hickory 84 to 1.00 



Maple 65 to .75 



Pine, white 47 to .56 



Pine, yellow 55 to .66 



Oak, English 93 to 1.17 



" white 85 



" live 94tol.l3 



Poplar, Lombardy 40 



Pear 66 



Plum 78 



Sassafras 48 



Walnut 67 



Willow 58 



Miscellaneous. 



Beeswax 96 



Butter 94 



Honey 1.45 



Lard 94 



Milk 1.03 



Oil, linseed 94 



Oil, whale 92 



" turpentine 87 



Sea water 1.02 



Sugar. 1.60 



Tallow 93 



Vinegar 1.01 to 1.08 



Weights of a Cubic Foot of various Substances, from wJdch the Bidk of a 

 Load of one Ton may be easily calculated. 



Cast Iron 450 pounds. 



Water 62 " 



White pine, seasoned, about 30 " 



White oak, " " 52 " 



Loose earth, about 95 " 



Common soil, compact, about 124 " 



Clay, about 135 " 



Clay with stones, about 160 " 



Brick, about 125 " 



Bulk of a Ton of different Substances. 



23 cubic feet of sand, 18 cubic feet of earth, or 17 cubic feet of clay, 

 make a ton. 18 cubic feet of gravel or earth before dig;^ing make 27 

 cubic feet when dug ; or the bulk is increased as tliree to two. There- 

 fore, in filling a drain two feet deep above the tile or stones, the earth 

 should be heaped up a foot above the surface, to settle even with it, 

 when the earth is shoveled loosely in. A cubic foot of solid half-rotted 

 manure weighs about 56 lbs., requiring about 36 cubic feet to the ton. If 

 coarse or dry, more will be required. Hay varies much in specific grav- 

 ity witli the kind, and the degree of pressure in the bay or stack ; but 

 good timothy hay, under medium pressure, requires about 500 cubic 

 feet to the ton ; clover, variable, about one-half more. 



