232 TriE HoKSE Industry in New York State 



gained entrance into the body and lodge at a certain point, they 

 begin to mnltiply, and the strnggle begins between the organisms 

 on one hand and the tissues on the otlier. If the invading organ- 

 isms prove the stronger, infection takes place, and the result is 

 the formation of a glanders nodule. 



METHOD OF HANDLING BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



In a reported outbreak of glanders, if verified, the clearly clin- 

 ical cases are slaughtered, and the mallein test applied to all 

 exposed or contact horses. All positive reactors are slaughtered 

 or isolated. Stables are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. If 

 it is not possible to make a mallein test at once, the common 

 watering trough should be closed and an individual pail fur- 

 nished for each horse. The suspicious and contact animals show- 

 ing negative results at first test are placed under provisional 

 quarantine, furnished with individual pails, the same to be used 

 in stable and on road, and animals held for further retest before 

 being released. If no animals react at the second test, all are 

 released. If reactors are found they are slaughtered and the 

 stables again disinfected. There is a belief that only those 

 animals showing marked clinical symptoms of glanders, as pro- 

 fuse nasal discharge or farcy buds, are capable of transmitting 

 the disease. Such cases no doubt are more dangerous, yet many 

 animals showing no external symptoms may be affected high up 

 in the nasal tract or in the lungs, and still be capable of dis- 

 tributing the disease to healthy animals. These cases are more 

 dangerous than the open cases which can be seen and avoided. 



DISTRIBUTION 



Glanders is more prevalent in large cities for a number of rea- 

 sons. Public drinking troughs and hitching and feeding stables, 

 collecting large numbers of horses together, give great oppor- 

 tunity for its spread. The stables in which city horses are kept 

 are often insanitary, with insuflicient light and air, which favors 

 the development of bacterial life, and tends to lower the vitality 

 of the animals. This makes them more susceptible to the disease. 



