236 The House IiNdustky in New York State 



that have bcoii luinded down, horses are rarely himc in the whirl- 

 bone and very rarely in the stille. When one is lame in the stifle 

 or hip, it requires a skilled man to know. Any oiie may guess, 

 but there is a difference between guessing and knowing. 



The extremities are made up of bones, muscles, tendons, liga- 

 ments and cartilages. Where bending and friction occur, Nature 

 has wisely arranged for an oiling system, and hence we have 

 articular synovia (joint oil) and tendoiwus synovia (tendon oil). 

 These are yellowish, oily or glary secretions which facilitate the 

 play of the joints, and the tendons over the joints and certain 

 points of the bones. 



There are, of course, other minutiffi concerning the arteries and 

 veins which nourish the parts, and the nerve system which sup- 

 plies sensation and motion, that would be interesting as an ab- 

 stract study, but are not of sufficient practical value to deserve 

 space here. In fact the nerve system of the extremities would 

 not be of interest to the layman excepting under unusual con- 

 ditions, where the removal of a section of a nerve would relieve 

 sensation and attendant pain or inconvenience, all of which would 

 require the advice and skill of a trained veterinarian. 



TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGES 



The blood vessels would be of interest principally when large 

 enough to cause a dangerous hemorrhage occasioned by acci- 

 dent. The rule in all such cases is to apply something clean in 

 the way of cotton or cloth to the wounded parts and then apply 

 a strong bandage over this, making it quite tight above and below 

 the injury if possible; so that in case of a venous hemmorrhage, 

 the bandage or part of the bandage on the side farthest from the 

 heart would be controlled, and likewise the pressure on the side 

 of the wound nearest the heart would control arterial hemor- 

 rhage. Never use cobwebs or dirty material. 



If it is impossible to bandage the parts, as is sometimes the case 

 when the injury is imder the shoulder or between the hind legs, 

 place a twitch on the horse's nose so as to make him stand quiet, 

 and control the hemorrhage until help is obtained by holding 

 cloths or cotton tightly against the wound. After the animal be- 

 comes quiet the twitch should be removed. 



