THE HOESE AND ITS DISEASES. 117 



parenchymatous substance of the lungs ; sometimes there 

 are little yersicular appearances oyer the outer surface. 

 That air is diffused within the substance, and not 

 wholly pressed out by the last expiration, is further 

 proved by the circumstance of the lungs not collapsing, 

 when the cavity of the chest is opened ; when aii', there- 

 fore, is inspired in the broken wind, it finds no difficulty 

 of entrance, but being diffused and entangled among 

 the cellular tissue, it finds a difficulty in being expii^ed, 

 and this makes the expiration much longer than the 

 inspiration, and the horse is seen to do it at two efforts ; 

 by the first lie appears to empty the air from the cells 

 themselves, anr'^Dy the second more forcible contraction, 

 which is operated by means of the abdominal muscles, 

 the lungs are pressed on, to endeavour to force out the 

 extravasated aii' from the cellular members. 



Treatment. — Attempts at ciu^e have always failed, for 

 the air cells cannot be again made whole. Our en- 

 deavours, therefore, can only be directed to mitigate the 

 symptoms. 



The first care will be to prevent over repletion of the 

 stomach, for this, in every case, will greatly aggravate 

 the difficulty of breathing — the second is, to avoid over- 

 distention of the lungs, by too violent and too sudden 

 exercise. By carefully attending to these two principal 

 indications, a broken-winded horse may be rendered 

 comfortable to himself, and useful to his master. 



To fulfil the first indication, the food should be 

 regularly given in moderate quantities only ; but most 

 particularly, it should be such as contain much nutri- 

 ment in a small space — hence, corn is more i)roper than 

 hay, and above all, I have found food composed of one 

 part carrots and two parts oats, agTee particularly well ; 

 on a sufficient quantity of this food, a horse will need 

 but veiy little hay ; water should be sparingly given, 

 and without this caution, all the others are useless. I 

 would, also recommend the following ball to be given 

 twice a week. 



