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not hitherto been observed upon by veterinary 

 authors, but it is not rare. The causes which may 

 give rise to it cannot be accurately stated, though 

 they may be conjectured. The vessels that nurture 

 the fang and ramify through the pulp, are small and 

 delicate ; the alveolar cavities are thin, some of them 

 in the upper jaw being not thicker in parts of their 

 walls than brown paper. The force of the masticatory 

 muscles is very great, and if any hard substance be 

 taken between the teeth, it is easy to imagine that 

 the minute arteries of the fang should thereby be 

 ruptured. The effect produced upon the pulp, and 

 the transient agony occasioned by biting a piece 

 of hard crust, are familiar to every human being ; 

 nor can we suppose that the horse's teeth, espe- 

 cially when the greater strength of its muscles 

 is duly considered, are not liable to similar and 

 proportionably greater injury. There may be no 

 history to such a case, no record of the date when 

 the occurrence took place ; for the horse is not always 

 watched during the time of its feeding, nor were it 

 watched, is it possible that the groom would attribute 

 the sudden exhibition of pain to the right cause. The 

 primary effect is therefore misinterpreted or unnoticed ; 



