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61. The instruments used in connexion ivith the 

 teeth of the horse are not very numerous. The gum 

 lancet, shaped like that used by the human surgeon, 

 and employed after the same manner, is seldom 

 required, save for the tushes, when any knife will be 

 found equally if not even more convenient. The 

 rasp or file, for it is either, according to the taste of 

 the surgeon, though most commonly the former, 

 consists of the necessary part that gives the name to 

 the instrument attached to a long lever, which is 

 inserted into a handle. Its employment is rather 

 laborious than difficult, and demands more endu- 

 rance than skill on the part of the practitioner. 

 Several of different degrees of coarseness should be 

 used, and during the operation, a pail of water 

 ought to be at hand, so that the roughened surface 

 may be constantly washed and moistened, to increase 

 its cutting power, and prevent it becoming clogged. 

 The rasp, however, though fitted to reduce any slight 

 inequality, or take down the sharp edges of the 

 teeth, is not sufficiently operative to level the long 

 projections that are often found in the horse's mouth. 

 For that purpose a guarded chisel has been em- 

 ployed ; but the blow of the hammer or mallet very 



