190 

 resting against the hind part of the tooth, and 

 beyond that annoyance which the accompanying- 

 sound may excite, the horse suffers no inconvenience. 

 Fracture of the alveolar processes is rendered im- 

 possible, and the ease vi'ith which the instrument is 

 applied, considerably enhances its value It would, 

 however, be of service only when the tooth was 

 large, and the entire body projected above the level 

 of the other molars. It is not unfrequent for portions 

 of the grinders, worn into various angles, to present 

 themselves, and to occasion very serious effects upon 

 the health of the horse. To remove these is of no 

 less importance than to cut off the more regular and 

 larger substance ; and Mr. Gowing has produced 

 instruments capable of fulfilling these intentions. In 

 the first place he has improved upon the old guarded 

 chisel, concerning the danger and inefficiency of 

 which, remarks have been already made. 



In the old tool the cutting surface was small, being 

 rarely more than three quarters of an inch broad. 



