TUSHES TEX FEET LON^G. 79 



(but not in the case of the horse) by the development 

 of new weapons." 



In the first voUime of the "Descent of Man," page 

 139, Mr. Darwin attributes the reduction in size of the 

 tushes in horses to their " habit of fighting with their 

 incisor teeth and hoofs," and on page 231, of the sec- 

 ond vohinie, he continues the discussion of canines in 

 different animals as follows: 



" In the male dugong the upper incisors form offen- 

 sive weapons. In the male narwhal one of the upper 

 teeth is developed into the well-known, spirally-twisted, 

 so-called horn, which is sometimes from nine to ten 

 feet long. It is beheved that the males use these horns 

 for fighting together, for 'an unbroken one can hardly 

 be got, and occasionally one may be found with the 

 point of another jammed into the broken place.' The 

 tooth on the opposite side of the head in the male con- 

 sists of a rudiment about ten inches in length, which 

 is imbedded in the jaw. It is not, however, very un- 

 common to find double-horned male narwhals in which 

 both teeth are well developed. In the females both 

 teeth are rudimentary. The male cach'alot* has a 



* " Sperm-wliale or cachalot {Physeter macrocephahis). My 

 friend Mr. Broderip possesses a tooth of a male Physeter, with 

 the base open and uncontracted, which measures nine inches 

 and a half in length, nine inches in circumference, and weighs 

 three pounds. An ingenious whale-fisher has carved the chief 

 incidents of his exciting and dangerous occupation on one side 

 of this very fine tooth. Tlie other side bears the following in- 

 scription : ' The tooth of a sperm-whale, that was caught by the 

 ship Adam's crew, off Albemarle Point, and made 100 bbls. of oil, 

 in the year 1817.' Below the inscription are two excellent 

 figures of the cachalot, one spouting, the other dead and marked 

 for flensing."— Oicen's ''Odontography" Vol. I, pp 353-4. 



