66 



THE HORSE. 



with every trade,and every art. A carpenter could not without this describe 

 with precision and clearness the different tools in use, nor could he describe 

 the different operations to be performed, without inventing a particular 

 language adapted to his purpose, and whereby he is enabled to express in 

 one word what would otherwise only be accomplished by a long sentence. 

 It is the same with anatomy, except that the names and signs have prin- 

 cipally been adopted from the Lati?i and Greek, inasmuch as those lan- 

 guages are usually known to scientific men in all countries. This new 

 language becomes one common to all men pursuing the same science. 

 We shall as we go on explain the meaning of the words so adopted, and 

 a very little attention will enable the reader to master them, and it will 

 require little thought to be convinced of the advantage, in respect of clear- 

 ness and certainty, derived from their use. 



We begin with the head, containing the brain and the most important 

 organs of sense. 



The head may be divided into two parts, the skull and the face. The 

 bones which compose the skull or craniumy and which contain and pr'otect 

 the brain are nine in number : two frontal, a «, — two parietal, c c, — two 

 temporal, d d, — the occipital, g, — the ethmoid, and the sphenoid. The two 

 latter lie principally at the base of the skull, and are not seen in this cut, but 

 will be found delineated in figs, k and /, page 68. These nine bones are 

 separate in the foal at an early period of its existence ; but soon after the 

 birth they are firmly united together by what anatomists call sutures, and 

 so firm is the union, that a fracture will occur in any other part more readily 

 than over a suture. 



a a The frontal iDoneSj or bones of the forehead. 



b b Tlie supra-orhital foramina or holes above the orbit, 



through which pass out the nerves and blood-vessels 



supplying the forehead. The small hole beneath 



(of which in many horses there are several) receives 



vessels which dip into and supply the bone. 

 n c The parietal bones, or walls of the skull. 

 d d The temporal bones, or bones of the temples. ^ 



e e Tlie zygomatic, or yoke-shaped arch. 

 // The temporal fossa, or pit above the eye. 

 ff g Tlie occipital bone, or bone of the hinder part of \ 



the head. 

 h h The orbits, containing and defending the eye. 

 i i The lachrjonal bones, or tear bones. 

 jj Tlie nasal bones, or bones of the nose. 

 k k Tlie malar, or cheek bones. 

 / 1 The superior maxillary, or that portion of the upper 



jaw containing the molar teeth or grinders. 

 mm The infra-orbital foramen, a hole below the orbit, 



through which pass branches of nerves and blood- 

 vessels to supply the lower part of the face. 

 n n Tlie inferior maxillary, the lower part of the upper jaw 



bone, a separate bone in quadrupeds, containing the 



incisor or cutting teeth, and the upper tushes at the 



point of union between the superior and inferior max- 



illaries. 

 o The upper incisor or cutting teeth. 

 p The openings into the nose, with the bones forming the 



roof of the palate. 



