ANATOMY OF THE NOSE AND LIPS. 



119 



present subject, and which will be often referred to in the course of our 

 work; /, in, o, andp, are muscles employed for this purpose. 



THE MUSCLES, NERVES, AND BLOOD-VESSELS OF THE HEAD, AND 

 UPPER PART OF THE NECK. 



a The upper part of the ligament of the neck. 



li The levator Inwieri (elevator of the shonlder), arising from the tubercle of the occiput, 

 the mastoid (nipple- shaped) process of the temporal bone, and the transverse pro- 

 cesses (cross projections) of the four first bones of the neck, and the hgament of 

 the neck, and going to the muscles of the shoulders, and the upper bone of the arm: 

 to draw forward the shovdder and arm; or turn the head and neck; and, when the 

 two levators act, to depress the head. 



c The tendon common to the complexiis major (larger complicated), and sjoleiiius (splint- 

 like) : — to the mastoid process of the temporal, to hold up the head, or, the muscles 

 on one side alone acting, to turn it. 



d The stefmo-m axillaris, (belonging to the breast-bone) and upper-jaw, from the cartilage in 

 front of the chest to the angle of the lower jaw : to beud the head, or, if one only 

 act, to bend it on one side. 



e The stylo-yii axillaris, from the styloid (pencil-shaped) or coracoid (beak-shaped) process 

 of the occiput, to the angle of the jaw: to pull the jaw backward and open it. 



/ The subscapulo hyoideiis, from under the shoulder-blade, to the body of the os hyoides 

 (the bone at the root of the tongue formed like a Greek u, v) : to draw back that 

 bone. 



g- The masseter (chewing); a most powerfvd muscle, constituting the cheek of the horse : — 

 from the upper jaw-bone into the rough surface round the angle of the lower : — in 

 conjunction with the temporal muscle to close the mouth and chew the food. 



h The orbicularis (circular) surrounding the eye and closing the lids. 



i The zygomaticus, from the zygomatic arch and auas&eter to the corner of the mouth, to 

 draw back the angle of the mouth. 



k Tlie buccinator (trumpeter), from the inside of the mouth and cheeks, to the angle of 

 the mouth, to draw it back. 



/ Tlie nasalis labii superioris (belonging to the nose and upper lip), from a depression at 

 the junction of the superior maxillary and malar bones, to the angle of the nostril: 

 — to raise the lip, and dilate the nostrils. 

 m Dilator naris lateralis (side dilator of the nostril), reversedto shew the vessels and nerves 

 which it covers, going from the covering of the nasal and frontal bones, to the angle 

 of the mouth, and side of the nostril : — to retract the upper hp and dilate the nostrils. 

 n Dilator magnus (great dilator), assisting in the same office. 



