GLANDERS. 123 



air-passages being obstructed, a grating, choking noise will be heard at 

 every act of breathing. The lungs are now diseased ; they are filled with 

 tubercles or ulcerations ; and the horse at length dies, an emaciated and 

 loathsome object. 



The symptoms frequently vary, and to a most puzzling degree. The 

 discharge will be so slight as scarcely to be perceived, and known only 

 by its stickiness ; and the glands will not be in the least degree enlarged. 

 At other times a very small enlarged gland may be found, adhering to the 

 jaw, and may be stationary month after month, and the surgeon may be 

 told that there has never been discharge from the nose. He will, how- 

 ever, be wrongly informed here ; it has most assuredly existed, although 

 perhaps to no great degree, at some former period, and he will generally 

 without much difficulty discover it then, although perhaps in so small a 

 quantity that the groom or carter will deny its existence ; and he will prin- 

 cipally satisfy himself with respect to it, by its gluey feeling. 



Glanders have often been confounded with strangles, and by those who 

 ought to have known better. Strangles are peculiar to young horses. 

 The early stage resembles common cold, with some degree of fever 

 and sore throat ; generally with distressing cough, or at least frequent 

 wheezing ; and when the enlargement appears beneath the jaw, it is not a 

 single small gland, but a swelling of the whole of the substance between 

 the jaws ; growing harder towards the middle ; and after a while appearing 

 to contain a fluid, and breaking. In strangles the membrane of the nose 

 will be intensely red, and the discharge from the nose profuse, and puru- 

 lent, or mixed with matter almost from the first ; and when the tumour has 

 burst, the fever will abate, and the horse will speedily get well. 



Should the discharge from the nose continue for a considerable time 

 after the horse has recovered from strangles, as it sometimes does, there is 

 no cause for fear. Simple strangles need never degenerate into glanders. 

 Good keep, and small doses of the blue vitriol given internally, will gra- 

 dually make all right. 



Glanders have been confounded with catarrh or cold, but the distinction 

 between them is plain enough. Fever accompanies cold, and loss of appe- 

 tite, and sore throat (the quidding of the food, and gulping of the water 

 are sufficient indications of the latter of these) ; the discharge from the nose 

 is profuse, and perhaps purulent ; and the glands under the jaw, if swelled, 

 are moveable, and there is a thickening around them, and they are tender 

 and hot. With proper treatment the fever abates ; the cough disappears ; 

 the swellings under the throat subside, and the discharge from the nose gra- 

 dually ceases, or, if it remain, it is usually very difJerent from that which 

 characterizes glanders. In glanders, there is seldom cough of any con- 

 sequence, and, generally, no cough at all. 



A running from the nose, small in quantity, and from the sraallness of 

 its quantity drying about the edges of the nostril, and so presenting some 

 appearance of stickiness, will, in a few cases, remain after severe catarrh, 

 and especially after the influenza of spring ; and these have gradually as- 

 sumed the character of glanders, and more particularly when they have 

 been accompanied by enlarged glands and ulceration in the nose. Here 

 the aid of a judicious veterinary surgeon is indispensable; and he perhaps 

 will experience considerable difficulty in deciding the case. One circum- 

 stance will principally guide him. No disease will run on to glanders 

 which has not, to a considerable and palpable degree, impaired and broken 

 down the constitution ; and every disease that does this will run on to 

 glanders. He will look then to the general state and condition of the 



