THEIR FEED AND THEIR FEET. 



143 



cross-piece falls across the quarters, or an umbrella is 

 raised behind or the whistle of a steam engine is heard, 

 if the horse have been shown or introduced carefully 

 to these things, he will not be seriously disturbed by 

 them ; whereas their sudden occurrence may be pro- 

 ductive of most dangerous and persistent effects. 



" Third, in relation to teaching the meaning of the 

 sounds or words of command, using the language of 

 Mr. Magner, * it is evident that if a man were to sit on 



Fig. 3.— Willful and Spirited. 



a block and simply read the word whoa ; to a horse, 

 he might do it indefinitely without teaching him its 

 meaning ; but if a horse were moved, set in moderate 

 action, and immediately after the command the reins 

 were pulled sufficiently hard to make him stop, he 

 would after a few repetitions of the command learn to 

 stop, and that without the reins being pulled. Or in 

 teaching to back, if after the command were given the 

 reins were pulled upon sufficiently to force him back- 

 ward, he would after a few repetitions learn to back 



