Wounds and Various other Injuries 305 



Dissolve and apply to the wound several times a 

 day, or if necessary syringe it out with the lotion, 

 which can be further diluted as recovery takes place. 

 All wounds ought to be thoroughly cleansed, and if 

 bleeding is severe this can usually be arrested, either 

 by the appHcation of cold water, some styptic agent 

 such as tincture of steel, or by the appHcation of 

 pressure. In the case of an artery that has been 

 torn, if of sufficient size, the best plan is to put a 

 ligature round it, which may consist of a piece of 

 catgut or silk. Bleeding from veins is denoted by a 

 continuous flow, whereas that from an artery is 

 thrown out in jets and of a bright scarlet colour. 

 The loss of a few ounces of blood is not of much 

 significance, but prolonged bleeding may lead to 

 death from syncope. 



Bruises and Sprains 



Both bruises and sprains are of common occur- 

 rence. When a part is bruised it usually swells, 

 whilst a sprain may be accompanied by swelling, 

 also by pain, and a variable degree of lameness. 

 The ligamentous and tendonous structures in connec- 

 tion with the hmbs are often sprained, therefore it 

 is expedient for one to become acquainted with the 

 elementary principles of treatment. Bruises should 

 be treated with an evaporating lotion immediately 

 after the injury, but after twelve hours or so hot 



