PREFACE. 



WHEN the address delivered by Budolpli Virchow on 

 the 22d of September last year, at the fiftieth meeting 

 of German Naturalists and Physicians at Munich, on 

 " Freedom of Science in the Modern State," appeared 

 in print in the following October, I was called upon, 

 on many sides, to prepare a reply. And such a reply 

 on my part seemed, in fact, justified by the severe 

 strictures which Virchow in his discourse had directed 

 against one delivered by me only four days previously, 

 before the same meeting, on " The Modern Doctrine 

 of Evolution in its Eelation to General Science." The 

 general views which Virchow then unfolded proved 

 such a fundamental opposition in our principles, and 

 touched our dearest moral convictions so nearly, that 

 .any reconciliation of such antagonistic views was no 

 .longer to be thought of. Nevertheless I forbore pub- 

 lishing the ready reply for two reasons : one relating 

 to the matter itself, the other a personal one. 



With regard to the matter itself, I believed I might 

 confidently leave it to futurity to decide in the con- 



