54 THE CELL-SOUL 



utterances in Virchow's Munich address of 1877, we 

 perceive that he could not give the lie more fiercely 

 to his former fundamental opinions than he has there 

 done. Not quite twenty years have passed by, and 

 yet, in the course of that time, in Virchow's views of 

 the universe, in his conception of human nature, and of 

 the soul-life, a change has been effected than which we 

 can conceive of no greater. We learn to our surprise 

 that psychical and corporeal processes are wholly dif- 

 ferent phenomena ; that no scientific necessity whatever 

 exists for extending the province of psychical processes 

 beyond the circle of those bodies in which, and by 

 which, we see them actually exhibited. "We may 

 ultimately explain the processes of the human mind 

 as chemical, but at any rate, it is not yet our business 

 to amalgamate these two subjects ! " 



From the whole psychological discussion which is 

 involved in Virchow's Munich address, it is made clear 

 that at the present time he regards the " soul " in a 

 purely dualistic sense as a substance, an immaterial 

 essence which only temporarily takes up its abode in 

 the body. Highly characteristic of this is the remark- 

 able sentence, " If I explain attraction and repulsion 

 as psychical phenomena, I simply throw the psyche 

 out of the window ; the psyche ceases to be a 

 psyche." If we substitute for the word " psyche " 

 the word which corresponds to Virchow's earlier me- 



