DOGMATIC METHODS OF TEACHING. 83 



of the high school of Munich, had been forced to die 

 in exile ! That cruel exile which oppressed Oken's 

 latter years, which left him to perish far from those 

 cities to which he had sacrificed the best powers of 

 his life, that exile will be remembered as the note 

 of the time which we have passed through. And so 

 long as there continue to be meetings of German 

 naturalists, so long may we gratefully remember that 

 this man to his death bore upon him all the signs of 

 a martyr, so long shall we point to him as one of the 

 witnesses who have fought for us and for the liberty 

 of science." Verily these words from Virchow's lips 

 sound like the bitterest irony; for was not Lorenz 

 Oken one of the foremost and most zealous champions 

 of that monistic doctrine of development against which 

 Eudolf Virchow at this day is most violently striving ? 

 Did not Oken himself proceed farther in the construc- 

 tion of bold hypotheses and comprehensive theories 

 than any supporter of the doctrine of evolution at the 

 present time ? Is not Oken justly considered as the 

 one typical representative of that older period of 

 natural philosophy who rose to much higher and bolder 

 nights of fancy, and left the solid ground of facts much 

 farther behind him than any tyro of the new philo- 

 sophy ? And this makes the irony seem all the greater 

 with which Virchow at the beginning of his address 



