IGNORABIMUS E T RESTRINGAM UR. 1 1 3 



example, he, with the co-operation of his colleagues, 

 carried through that pretended " reform " of medical 

 examination which puts the so-called Tentamen phy- 

 sicum in the place of the philosopkicum ; philosophy 

 was entirely eliminated. Zoology and botany, which 

 for centuries have been very justly regarded as the 

 indispensable foundation of all instruction in natural 

 science for the young medical student, disappeared 

 from the curriculum. Only, as if in scorn of these 

 sciences, in each examination a small place was 

 reserved for comparative anatomy for that most 

 difficult and philosophical part of animal morphology 

 which cannot be at all understood without some pre- 

 vious knowledge of the other branches of zoology. 

 And yet comparative anatomy and the history of 

 development are the indispensable preliminary steps 

 to a true scientific comprehension of human anatomy, 

 that most essential foundation of all medical know- 

 ledge. Without the vivifying idea of development, 

 mere anatomical knowledge is an empty and lifeless 

 cramming of the memory. 



In the place of morphology, thus degraded from its 

 office, a detailed study of physiology was introduced, 

 but always in a one-sided direction. Now these two 

 great branches of biology, which are equally important 

 and have an equal claim on our attention, are so 



dependent the one on the other, that a real scientific 



H 



