CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



INTRODUCTION. PAGE 



The Orders of Fresh- water Fishes Characters used in Classification of Fishes The Forms of 

 Fresh-water Fishes The Structure of the Fins and the Fin Formulae The Scales Organs 

 of the Senses The Mouth The Operculum and Gill-arches The Skeleton Air-bladder 

 Digestive Organs Reproductive Organs Growth Geographical Distribution Table showing 

 Range of Species Table showing Classification of Fishes described - 1 



CHAPTER II. 



FRESH-WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



FAMILY PERCID^E GENUS PERCA : The River Perch The Bass GENUS PERCARINA : 

 Percarina demidoffii GENUS ACERINA : The Ruff or Pope Acerina schraetzer Acerina 

 i:ossica GENUS LUCIOPERCA : The Pike-Perch The Pike-Perch of the Volga GENUS 

 ASPRO : The Zingel The Apron The Streber FAMILY COTTID^E GENUS COTTUS : The 

 Miller's Thumb Cottus po?cilopus Father Lasher FAMILY GOBIID^E GENUS GOBIUS : 

 Species of Goby -The Polewig FAMILY BLENNIIDJE GENUS BLENNIUS FAMILY 

 ATHERINIDJE GENUS ATHERINA : The Sand Smelt FAMILY MUGILID^E GENUS 

 MUGIL : The Grey Mullet FAMILY GASTEROSTEID^E GENUS GASTEROSTEUS : The 

 Sticklebacks - - - 23 



CHAPTER III. 



FRESH-WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER ANACANTHINI. 



FAMILY GADID^E GENUS LOTA Fresh-water Representatives of the Cod Family The 



Burbot FAMILY PLEURONECTID^E The Flounder The Sole 8 



CHAPTER IV. 



FRESH-WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER PHYSOSTOMI. 



FAMILY SILURID.E GENUS SILURUS FAMILY CYPRINIDJE GENUS CTPRINUS : The 

 Carp : Its Varieties and Hybrids GENUS CARASSIUS : The Crucian Carp Goldfish The 

 Carassius bucephalus GENUS BARBUS : The Barbels of Central Europe and Spain GENUS 

 AULOPYGE : Aulopyge hiigelii GENUS GOBIO : The Gudgeon Gobio uranoscopus - 90 



CHAPTER V. 



FRESH-WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER PHYSOSTOMI (continued). 



GROUP LEUCISCINA GENUS LEUCISCUS : The Rudd, and its varieties The Ide Leuciscus 

 aula L. adspersus The Roach L. pigus L. friesii The Chub The Dace L. illyricus 

 L. pictus L. svallize L. ukliva L. turskyi L. microlepis L. tenellus L. muticellus The 

 Minnow L. hispanicus L. arcasii L. alburnoides L. macrolepidotus L. arrigonis L. 

 lemmingii L. heckelii L. pyrenaicus L. polylepis GENUS PARAPHOXINUS GENUS TINCA : 

 The Tench GENUS CHONDROSTOMA : C. nasus C. phoxinus C. genei C. knerii C. rysela 

 C. polylepis C. willkommii - 133 



CHAPTER VI. 



FKKSH-WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER PHYSOSTOMI (continued'). 



GROUP RHODEINA GENUS RHODEUS : The Bitterling GROUP ABRAMIDINA GEM s 

 ABRAMIS : The Bream A. vimba A. elongatus A. ballerus A. sapa -A. leuckitrtii - A. 



