II Tin: FRESH-WATER FISIIKS <>F KTKOPE. 



The longest rays in the second dorsal fin are quite as long as those of 

 the first dorsal fin, and are nearly half the height of the body. The rays 

 of the anal fin are more elongated than those of the dorsal fins, but still 

 longer rays are found in the ventral fin. The pectoral fin has the shortest 

 fin-rays, though they are longer than the shorter rays of the dorsal fins. 

 Another character, which aids in discriminating this species, is furnished by 

 the scales. They are larger than those of the Sander; less than eighty occur 

 along the lateral line, and below the first dorsal fin there are two rows above 

 the lateral line, and seventeen or eighteen, rows beneath it. The scales 

 extend high up the bases of all the fins except the first dorsal. The anal 

 aperture is in the middle of the length of the fish. Specimens preserved 

 in spirits are marked by eight blackish transverse bands, which are more 

 regular than those of the Sander, and the colour of the dorsal and caudal 

 fins is deeper. 



This species has constantly a black ocellate spot on the operculum, such as 

 is often seen in the Sander. The iris is a brassy-yellow, darkly spotted. 

 There are three pyloric appendages to the stomach. 



GrENUS: ASprO (CuVIER). 



The genus Aspro is formed for two European species, characterised by 

 having the body elongated and spindle-shaped, becoming almost cylindrical. 

 The snout is thick and projects beyond the mouth. The eyes look upward as 

 well as forward and outward. All the teeth are villiform; they extend in 

 bands in both jaws, and are present on the vomer and the palatine bones. 

 There are two dorsal fins ; the scales are small ; the operculum is spinous, the 

 pre-operculum serrated ; and the pre-orbital contour has an unbroken outline. 

 There are seven branchiostegal rays. The genus is hence distinguished from 

 Lucioperca rather by the flattened form of the head, elongation of the snout, 

 and fusiform-shaped body, than by important details of structure. 



Aspro zingel ( 



This species (Fig. 16) was well known to Linnaus, Bloch, Cuvier, Valen- 

 ciennes, and the other older writers on fishes. It is distinguished by having 

 thirteen to fourteen spinous rays in the first dorsal fin. 



In the opercular region the breadth and depth of the body are equal, and 



