142 



THE FRESH-WATER FISHES OF EUROPE. 



seven rows of scales above the lateral line, and two and a half rows between 

 the lateral line and the root of the ventral fin. The head is broad, with a 

 very oblique mouth, and is one-fifth of the length. The height of the body 

 is one-quarter of the total length without the caudal fin. It is found in the 

 Dnieper. 



Leuciscus aula (BONAPARTE). 



above 8 



D. 1112, A. 1112, V. 10, P. 1517, C. 19. Scales : lat. line 3746. 



below 4| 



This species (Fig. 70) is a southern representative of L. rutilus, found only 

 in Europe south of the Alps. The body is elevated, the head short and 



Fig. 70. LEUCISCUS AULA (MONAPAHTE). 



thick, with a terminal mouth and obtuse snout, but the upper jaw projects 

 slightly beyond the lower. In the young fish the body is four times as long 

 as high, and usually three and a half times as long as high when mature, 

 though the proportions are variable. In old age the height is twice as great 

 as the thickness. The eye is relatively larger in the young, but in maturity 

 its diameter is about one-fourth of the length of the head. The breadth of the 

 frontal bones between the eyes increases with age. The profile of the frontal 

 region is moderately arched. The dorsal fin commences in the middle of the 

 length ; it is a little higher than long, truncated behind, so that the last ray 

 is half as long as the first. The anal fin is much less developed in height, and 

 its rays are shorter than those of any other fin. The last ray is two-thirds of 

 the length of the longest one. The pectorals are but moderately developed, 



