LEUCTSCUS CEPHALUS. 159 



and is not recognised in the north of Europe, it may be useful to mention 

 some of the characters in which it differs from the typical Chub. 



According to Heckel and Kner the southern fish has a longer and flatter 

 head, smaller frontal region and larger mouth ; the eyes are separated by two 

 and a half times the orbital diameter, but this amounts only to two-fifths of 

 the length of the head. The nares are farther apart ; the dorsal profile is 

 flatter than the ventral contour. The dorsal fin is behind the middle of the 

 length ; its longest rays are longer than its base. The anal fin is rather 

 farther back than in the northern form. The caudal is evenly-lobed, and 

 the terminal fork penetrates to half the length of the fin. The jointed rays 

 of the dorsal and anal fins divide three times. The back is green with pale 



Fig. 83. LEUCISOVS cErH.vi.rs, v,\u. CAVEDAXUS (HOXAPARTE). 



bronze tinting on the scales, and the belly is silvery. All the fins are trans- 

 parent at the bases, becoming darker towards the extremities ; and the anal, 

 ventral, and caudal tins, are often bordered with black. This variety of the 

 Chub frequents deep water, and hides under stones : it doss not readily take 

 bait, but it is said to be partial to the living pupa of the silk-worm. It is not 

 valued for food, but is sometimes taken in nets which are put down for 

 better fishes. 



It is found in the Po and smaller streams ; in Lake Garda, and other 

 northern lakes. 



A more elongated variety of the Chub is found in Dalmatia. It was 



regarded by Heckel and Kner as the Lenciscus aldus of Bonaparte, as Gunther 

 is disposed to think, though Canestrini differs. But all modern writers agree 

 in regarding it as a slender Chub (Fig. 84). 



The most striking characteristics of this variety are the elongated form, 

 large head, and long pectoral fins. The body attains its greatest depth far in 

 in front of the dorsal fin ; its length is five and a half times its greatest height, 



