174- THE FRESH-WATER FISHES OF KUKOPE. 



The tongue is adherent to the surface on which it rests. The stomach is 

 not very definitely divided from the intestine, which makes two folds, and is 

 as long as the fish. The liver has three lobes, and its lower lobe lies between 

 the intestine and ovary. It has a large green gall-bladder. The eggs are 

 rather large, and number 6,000 in the two ovaries. The kidney has a trans- 

 verse thickening which fits into the constriction which divides the air-bladder. 

 The air-bladder is small, with its two portions similar. 



The fish spawns in March and April, and its colouring is then most 

 brilliant. The eggs are deposited in three or four days, and placed upon 

 stones. After spawning, the black band at the side becomes paler. 



The flesh is nowhere valued for food, but is esteemed as fodder for other 

 fishes, and is sold in Munich as food for Salmon. 



In Austria the fish is known as Laugen, in Bavaria it is the Stromer, in 



Fig. 97. LEUCISCUS MUTICELLUS, YAH. SAVIGNYI (HOXAPAUTE). 



the Neckar it is known as Gangfisch, in Switzerland as Riesling, in France as 

 Blag eon, and in Italy as V air one. 



A variety of this species was distinguished by Bonaparte as L. samgnyi. It 

 is well known in the north of Italy, from Milan, from Lake Lugano, theTicino, 

 Lambro, and the Olona, where it is common (Fig. 97). Its body is remarkably 

 deep, and the depth greatly exceeds the length of the head. The anal fin has 

 only eight jointed rays. The thickness of the body is only half the height. 

 The nose is more rounded than in the type. The diameter of the eye is one- 

 quarter of the length of the head. The angle of the mouth reaches as far back 

 as the hinder nares. The anal fin is more developed than in the typical forms 

 of L. muticelltis, and the ventral fins have the shortest rays. The pectoral fins 

 are well formed, and extend back almost to the ventral. The terminal rays 

 of the caudal fin are as lono- as the head. 



