180 TIIK FRESH-WATER FISHES OF EUROPE. 



abound, are rounder in body : the height of the body in these well-nourished 

 specimens is two-ninths of the length of the fish. The body is five to five and 

 a half times the length of the head. The back is moderately arched. The 

 dorsal fin is usually one and a third, and the anal fin one and a half, times 

 as high as long : there are seven to eight jointed rays in each of these fins. 

 The caudal fin is fully as long as the head. In the short form there are 

 forty to forty-four scales in the lateral line ; and below the lateral line there is 

 often one row of scales more on one side of the fish than on the other. 

 The mouth is terminal ; the jaws are nearly equal ; the angle of the mouth 

 is under the nares. The pharyngeal teeth are 5 5. There is a greyish band 

 along the side. 



This species is common in the small streams .about Madrid ; it is rare in 

 the Tagus and Douro, and is absent from the south of the peninsula. 



It is very closely allied to the Leuciscns aula, of which it may be regarded 

 as a geographical representative. 



Leuciscus alburnoides (STEINDACHNER). 



D. 10, A. 1012, V. 8, P. 13. Scales: lat, line 3940, transverse 8 ^~ 9 ^ 



The body is elongated and greatly compressed, with the depth equal to 

 the length of the head. Its terminal obliquely-descending mouth recalls the 

 genus Alburnus, but it differs from the latter in having but one row of pha- 

 ryngeal teeth, and in having a short base to the anal fin. The head is a little 

 more or a little less than one-fifth of the total length. The eye is a fourth of 

 the length of the head. The inter-orbital space is wider than the orbital 

 diameter, and the eye is its own diameter behind the snout. There are five 

 pharyngeal teeth in a single row on each side. The dorsal profile is less 

 arched than the ventral contour. 



The dorsal fin commences a little behind the middle of the body. Its 

 free margin is slightly convex. It is about one and two-third times as high 

 as long, and is higher than the anal fin, though their bases are equal. The 

 ventral fin is conspicuously in front of the middle of the body. The pectoral 

 fin is as long as the dorsal is high. The longest rays of the deeply-forked 

 caudal fin exceed the length of the head. The lateral line descends rapidly 

 for the first eight scales, and then runs nearly parallel with the ventral outline. 

 The scales are relatively large ; they are largest on each side of the lateral line 

 in the middle of the body. Each has its free border festooned by rays which 

 vary in number. 



A blackish longitudinal line extends from the snout down the middle of 



