GENERAL INDEX. 



4-35 



FisH-STuucTt'HE, sensory organs in fishes, eye, 

 6 ; eyelids in some fishes, 7 ; nostrils, pecu- 

 liarity of in lampreys, ib. ; position of, ib. ; 

 sensitive tentacles, ib. 



skeleton (Fig. 4), 8; skull (Fig. 5), 9; 



distinctive characters of skull of fish, ib. ; 

 branchial apparatus, ib. ; correspondence in 

 position of scutes in sturgeon's head with 

 hones in skull of bony fishes, 10 ; description 

 and relative position of hones forming skull 

 of fish, ib. ; vertebral column, ib. ; vertebra; 

 (Fig. 6), ib. ; fin bones, 10, 11. 



FISUKS, classification of, 2, 19; distinctive cha- 

 racters of groups, 2, 19 ; essential diagnosing 

 characters of orders, 3 ; genera, 19, ib. ; species, 

 Hi. ; difficulties in distinguishing between 

 species and varieties, 3 ; influence of environ- 

 ments upon form and establishment of local 

 races, 3, 4. 



- geographical distribution, ] 3 ; table of 

 genera, 14 18. 



Fundulus, 371, 372 ; distinctive generic cha- 

 racters and distribution, 371. 

 hispanicns, characters of, 371 ; external 

 distinctive sexual characters of, 371, 372 ; 

 size of, 372 ; habits of, ib. ; distribution of, 

 ib. 



Gadidse, 19, 82. 



Ganoidci, 22, 381. 



Gasterosteidae, 19, 73 81. 



(iasterosteus, 73 81 ; characters of genus, 73. 



Gasterosteus aculeatus, 73 80 ; fin formula, 73 ; 

 characters of , 73 76; illustration of (Fig. 28), 

 74 ; size, 76 ; voracity of, ib ; used as manure, 

 76, 77 ; parasite of, 76 ; distribution of, ib. ; 

 pugnacity of male, 77 ; formation of nest by 

 male, ib. ; deposition of eggs, 77, 78 ; fertilisa- 

 tion of eggs, ib. ; hatching, 78 ; watchfulness 

 and attention of male over young, ib. ; descrip- 

 tion of eggs of, ib. ; Continental names of, 79 ; 

 illustration of var. brachi/ccntriis (Fig. 29), 

 79. Varieties : 76, 79, 80. i. Gasterosteus 

 ffi/iimtirus, 76 ; ii. G. semiarmatus, ib. ; iii. 

 G. senii-loricatus, ib. ; iv. G. trackurus, ib. ; 

 v. G. novcboraccmis, ib. 



argyropomus, 79. 



brachycentrus, 79. 



breviceps, 81. 



burgundianus, 81. 



gymnurus, 76. 

 laevis, 81. 



lotharingus, 81. 



noveboracensis, 7(5. 



occidentals, 81. 



pungitius, 80 81 ; fin formula, 80 ; de- 

 scription of, 80 ; colour of, 81 ; fishing season 

 of, in Sweden, 81 ; mode of capture of, 81 ; 

 eggs of, 81. Varieties, i. G. breviceps, 81 ; 

 ii. G. btirgundianits, ib. ; iii. G. Icevis, ib. ; 

 iv. G. lotharingus, ib. 



semiarmatus, 76. 

 semiloricatus, 76. 



spinulosus, 80. 



trachurus, 76. 



Gobio, 128 132; characters and distribution of 

 genus, 128. 



fluviatilis, description of, 61 ; 128 131 ; 



illustration of (Fig. 56), 129; of head of (Fig. 

 57), ib. ; pharyngeal teeth of (Fig. 58), 130 ; 

 variety of, ib. ; habits and habitat of, ib. ; 

 spawning of, ib. ; mode of capture of, ib. ; dis- 

 tribution of, ib. 



uranoscopus, description of, 131 132; 



Gobiidac, 19, 57 63 ; characters of family, 57, 

 58. 



illustration of (Fig. 59), 131 ; head of (Fig. 



60), ib. ; distribution of, 132. 

 Gobius, 57 63 ; characters of genus, 58. 

 Gobius avernensis, 60. 



burmeisteri, 61. 



constructor, 61. 



eckstrbmii of Dr. Giinther, 63. 



fluviatilis, 61. 



gymnotrachelus, 61. 

 kessleri, 61. 



lacteus, 61. 



lugens, 61. 



marttnsii, 58 61; fin formula, 58; de- 

 scription of, ib. 60 ; illustration of (Fig. 25), 

 59 ; scales of (Fig. 26), ib. ; peculiarities of 

 colour in, 59, 60 ; reproductive organs in, 60 ; 

 flesh of, ib. ; distribution of, ib., 61. 

 Varieties of : i. G. avernensis, 60 ; ii. G. 

 prtniz:<e, ib. ; iii. G. ptoictalismimus, 61. 



macropus, 61. 

 marmoratus, 61. 



melanostomus, 61. 



minutus, 62, 63. 



panizzre, 60. 



punctatissimus, 60. 



semilunaris, 61 63; fin formula, 61; 



description of, ib., 62 ; distribution of, 62. 



Hybrids of carp, 102 ; of barbus, 122 ; of barbus 

 and chondrostoma, 124, 125; of chondrostoma 

 and leuciscus, 206 ; of alburnus and leuciscus, 

 237, 239 ; of salmo, 283, 308. 



Labrax lupus, description of, 29 ; fin formula, 

 ib. ; distribution of, ib. ; inordinate greedi- 

 ness of, ib. ; as a food fish, ib., 30 ; size of, 

 30 ; weight of, ib. ; colour of, ib. 



Latrunculus pellucidus, life period limited to 

 one year, 58. 



Leucaspius, 240242 ; characters of genus, 246 ; 

 distribution of, ib. 



- delineatus, 240242 ; fin formula, 240 ; 

 characters of, ib., 241 ; illustrations of (Figs. 

 136, 137), ib. ; colour of, ib. et scq. ; Von 

 Siebold on the pharyngeal teeth of, 242 ; size 

 of, ib. ; distribution of, ib. 



Leuciscus, 133185; Dr. Giinther on, 133: 

 critical remarks upon characters of genus, ib. 

 versus, 144 145 ; fin formula, 144 ; 



home of, ib. ; description of, 144, 145 ; illus- 

 tration of (Fig. 72), 145. 



alburnoides, description of, 180 181 ; fin 

 formula, 180 ; distribution of, 181. 



albus, 160. 



arcasii, description of, 178 179 ; fin 



formula, 179 ; distribution of, ib. ; local 

 names of, ib. ; hybrid of (with chondroxtoniu 

 polylepis), 206. 



