TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION 47 
their cultivation in separate institutions, seems to me to be 
fraught with serious dangers and disadvantages. In the first 
place, countenance is given to the mischievous tendency to 
distinguish between useful and useless knowledge. An 
entirely artificial cleavage is produced in the whole body of 
learning, which prevents that reaction between teachers, 
students, and studies of different types that is so potent in 
correcting extravagances, in extending the mental horizon, in 
producing breadth of intellectual sympathy, and in giving 
a well-adjusted culture to the whole human being. It would, 
I think, be difficult to overstate the importance of the influence 
which comes from the close association, in a place of learning, 
of people of widely different interests and destinies. It means 
more than one can well say. It is at the basis of what we call 
liberalism in education; it is the thing which works equally 
against pedantry and venality; it is more than intellectual, it 
is spiritual. It is, I believe, all-important and indispensable if 
we desire to imbue the rising generation with the true per- 
spective of knowledge and of life. 
I am well aware that the cultivation of technical aida pro- 
fessional studies in separate institutions is favoured by some 
high authorities and is the accepted practice of some countries. 
I can well believe that it has some advantages of convenience 
and may conduce to a certain kind of efficiency. Efficiency 
we certainly desire ; the close union of specialized knowledge 
with the practical arts is now a necessity of national existence. 
But national well-being depends in the end on something much 
deeper than intellectual efficiency and technical skill. We 
want first and foremost men of character, understanding, and 
ideals, and in the organization of technical and professional 
‘training, as in all educational enterprise, this is a primary 
consideration to which sacrifices may be cheerfully made. 
For these reasons then, positive and negative, I am an 
earnest advocate for the actual embodiment of professional and 
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