TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION 51 
fe degrees will lead to much public confusion, I can see no 
Mp objection to giving a qualified student of applied sciencea degree 
| in science without further modification of the title. But the 
matter is, perhaps, of no very great importance. 
With regard to curricula, the introduction of applied 
science creates some difficulty, owing to the number of contri- 
butory studies which claim a place, and the reluctance which 
every teacher naturally feels to see his own subject either 
excluded or reduced in range. Itis, however, an inevitable 
consequence of the growth of knowledge and the rise of new 
studies of all kinds, that some sacrifice of the old must be 
made, that the range of preparatory studies must be restricted, 
and that they must be reduced more to their philosophical 
essentials. It is, however, a great mistake to suppose that 
the disciplinary element and intellectual depth of scientific 
knowledge are reduced when we pass from pure to applied 
science, or that a curriculum which extends over three or four 
years and includes a large measure of applied science, stands 
in any but the most pedantic sense ‘below’ any other uni-. 
versity curriculum of equal length. 
It is no doubt justly held that the besetting danger of 
specialized education of all kinds is the neglect of preparatory 
studies and fundamental sciences, without .which, technical 
knowledge, however elaborate, is inanimate and sterile, It is 
here that what may be called the academic weight of a uni- 
versity affords a safeguard that can hardly be overvalued. 
There are many other questions of importance which arise 
in connexion with the subject of this paper, and I am well 
aware that my treatment ‘of it has been meagre and incom- 
plete: but I have been intent mainly upon the advocacy of 
a general policy, and I have no doubt that those who follow 
me in the discussion will bring forward questions which I have 
omitted, and on which, from their own special experience, 
they can speak with much greater authority. 
