CONTENTS 



antitoxine, p. 241 The paper of Dr. Roux read before the Con- 

 gress of Hygeine at Buda-Pesth, p. 242 The establishment of 

 serum-therapy, p. 243. 



CHAPTER IX 



EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 



Reforms in methods of caring for the insane begun by Rush, Tuke, 

 and Pinel, p. 246 Pinel's liberation of the inmates at the Bictre 

 and the Salpetriere, p. 246 The studies in psychology by Dr. 

 Franz Joseph Gall, p. 247 Desmoulins' discovery that the brain 

 atrophies in old age, p. 248 Sir Charles Bell's discovery of motor 

 and sensory nerves, p. 250 Marshall Hall's observations of reflex 

 action, p. 251 Studies of the nerve tracts by Schwann, Remak, 

 and others, p. 258 Claude Bernard's demonstration that the sym- 

 pathetic nerves regulate the blood supply of any part, p. 260 His 

 further discovery of inhibitory nerves, leading finally to complete 

 understanding of superior and subordinate nerve centres, p. 261 

 Helmholtz's measurement of the speed of nervous impulses, p. 262 

 Gustav Fechner's Psychophysik, and the beginnings of physio- 

 logical psychology, p. 263 Weber's experiments on nerve stimuli, 

 p. 264 Fechner verifies Weber's fundamental law of psycho- 

 physics, p. 265 Wundt's studies of sensation, apperception, and 

 volition, p. 267 Establishment of the laboratory of Physiological 

 Psychology at Leipzig, p. 269 The work of Dr. James Braid on 

 the phenomenon of hypnotism, p. 269 The subject revived by 

 Charcot and Heidenhain, p. 269 Flourens' studies of brain physi- 

 ology, p. 270 His discovery of the "vital knot," p. 270 Hugh- 

 lings-Jackson's studies of "brain centres," p. 272 Broca's localiza- 

 tion of the centre for speech, p. 272 Localization of motor centres 

 by Ferrier and Munck, p. 274 Method of cutting thin sections of 

 tissues for microscopical examination, by Rolando, p. 277 Studies 

 of the ganglion cells, p. 279 Waller and the study of "trophic cen- 

 tres," p. 279 The histological scheme of Gerlach, p. 281 Golgi's 

 discovery of the process of staining nerve cells, and its application in 

 tracing nerve filaments, p. 282 Cajal's demonstration of inde- 

 pendent nerve filaments, p. 283 The importance of this discovery 

 in explaining thought-mechanism, p. 285. 



CHAPTER X 



THE NEW SCIENCE OP ORIENTAL ARCHyBOLOOY 



How the "riddle of the Sphinx" was read, p. 287 The Rosetta 

 Stone in the British Museum, p. 289 Decipherment of the Rosetta 



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