CONTENTS 



BOOK IV 

 CHAPTER I 



THE PHLOGISTON THEORY IN CHEMISTRY 



The substitution of phlogiston for the three "elements," salt, sul- 

 phur, and mercury, p. 3 "Mortification" and "revivification" of 

 metals, p. 4 The influence of Boyle's teaching that the atmos- 

 phere was not a simple substance, p. 5 George Ernst Stahl and his 

 theory of phlogiston, p. 6 Peculiarities of phlogiston, p. 7 Many 

 complications, and final overthrow of the phlogiston theory, p. 9. 



CHAPTER II 



BEGINNINGS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY 



Chemistry at the beginning of the eighteenth century, p. u 

 Stephen Hales and the study of gases, p. n Black's studies of 

 carbon dioxide, p. 12 Black's studies continued by Cavendish, 

 p. 13 His discovery that water was formed by the combination 

 of hydrogen and oxygen, p. 14 His discovery of nitrous acid, p. 

 15 The work of Joseph Priestley, p. 18 His discovery of oxy- 

 gen, p. 19 His refusal to reject the phlogiston theory, p. 22 

 The work of Scheele,p. 23 His independent discovery of oxygen, 

 p. 24 His important discovery of chlorine, p. 25 Lavoisier and 

 the foundation of modern chemistry, p. 28. 



CHAPTER III 



CHEMISTRY SINCE DALTON 



John Dalton and the atomic theory, p. 38 Berthollet's refusal to 

 accept it, p. 40 The theory that chemical elements combine in 

 definite proportions championed by Proust, p. 41 Berzclius's ac- 



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