244 OLIGOCHAETA 



A very large number of species have been assigned to tbis genus, the names of 

 most of which will be found as synonyms of species now known to belong to other 

 genera, principally the littoral genus Clitellio ; Tubifex mar imui of LAMARCK (=Lum- 

 bricus tubicola of MULLKK) is, according to V AIL L ANT, a Clymene. 



The genus Tubifex is met with in Europe, North America, and New Zealand. 



(i) Tubifex rivulorum, LAMARCK. 



Lmnbricus tubifex, O. F. MULLER, Verm, terrestr. 1774, p. 27. 

 Tubifex rivulorum, LAMARCK, Hist. An. sans Vert. 1816, iii. p. 225. 

 ? Strephuris agilis, LEIDY, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1850, p. 45. 

 Nais tubifex, OKEN, Lehrb. d. Naturg. 1815, Pt. i. p. 364. 

 flliformis 1 , DUGES, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1828, p. 286. 

 ,. sanguinea, DOYERE, Mem. Soc. Linn. Norm. 1856, p. 306. 

 Tubifex bonneti, CLAPAREDE, Mem. Soc. Phys Gen. 1862, p. 230. 

 Saenuris variegata, HOFFMEISTKR, De verm. quib. ad gen. Lumb. pert. Berlin, p. 9. 

 tubifex, JOHNSTON, Cat. Worms, 1865, p. 64. 

 sp. GEGENBAUR, Z wiss. Zool. 1852, p. 227. 

 Blanonais filiformis, GERVAIS, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 1838, p. 16. 

 ? Saenuris taurica, CZERNIAVSKY, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1880, p. 332. 

 ? peculiaris, CZERNIAVSKY, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1880, p. 333. 

 ? diversisetosa. CZERNIAVSKY, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1880, p. 334. 

 ? Tubifex carnpanulatus, EISEN, Bih. Svensk. Akad. 1879, no. 16, p. 16. 



Definition. Brain concave in front ivith well-marked lateral lobes, posteriorly trijid with 

 two longer lateral and one smaller central division. Setae of dorsal-bundles, capilliform, 

 pectinate, and wncinate. 



As will be seen this species has a longer list of synonyms appended than almost any other 

 Oligochaet. A strict adherence to the rules of Zoological nomenclature would necessitate the 

 alteration of the commonly accepted name to Tubifex tubifex, if, that is to say, LAMARCK'S Tubifex 

 rivulorum be identical with 0. F. MULLER'S Lunibricus tubifex". On the assumption that there is 

 more than one species of Tubifex in Europe, which is at present far from being proved, there are 

 no positive reasons either for affirming or denying the identity of species described by the older 

 writers with Tubifex rivulorum of D'UDEKEM, VEJDOVSKY and others; there is, for example, nothing 

 against their identification with EISEN'S T. campanulalus. It is perfectly clear, however, from 

 O. F. MULLER'S description cited above that he is dealing with a Tubifex from his reference to 



1 It is not at all clear to what species WILLIAMS (1) refers under this name in describing the vascular 

 system. 



a CZERNIAVSKY (p. 330) does not allow LAMARCK'S Tubifix rnulnrum to be the same as D'UDEKEM'S, 

 nor, in spite of the description of the tubes, MULLEN'S L. tvlifex. L. linratus of the latter author is 

 identified with T. ritulorum, D'UUEKEM. 



