608 OLIGOCHAETA 



species of the genus there are several modifications of the first two or three 

 segments ; in M. belli the anterior segments are quite plain, and the setae commence, 

 as usual, on the second segment ; in M. beddardi the first two segments are not 

 at all distinctly separated, and the same is the case with the type-species of the 

 genus, M. rappi; for this reason in both of these the setae appear to lie on the 

 first segment of the body; in M. papillata the first seta-bearing segment is the 

 third; in M. benhami, ROSA was unable to find setae upon any of the first five 

 segments. In M. belli and M. papillata the setae are ornamented as in Rhinodrilus. 

 The clitellum is extensive, but varies in extent in different species. 



The internal anatomy of the genus is fairly well known, and, as regards all the 

 described species ; a gizzard is universally present ; so is a pair of calciferous glands ; 

 these latter, in M. rappi, present the appearance of a highly vascular swelling of the 

 oesophagus in the tenth segment ; this same segment (the tenth) contains a pair of 

 glands in the two species M. benhami and M. papillata; in M. beddardi and M. belli 

 the calciferous glands, although still a single pair, are partly in the tenth, and partly 

 in the ninth segment, being nipped by the septum dividing these two segments. 



The generative organs are constructed upon the same plan as are those of the 

 allied Kynotus; the testes, however, and the corresponding sperm-duct funnels are 

 single in M. beddardi and M. belli ; the orifice of the sperm-ducts is situated far back 

 in those species where it has been found ; in M. rappi in the twentieth segment, in 

 M. benhami between segments xx and xxi. As in Kynotus and other genera of 

 Old -World Geoscolicidae there are peculiar accessory copulatory organs placed in 

 the neighbourhood of the male pores ; these only exist, as far as the present genus is 

 concerned, in M. papillata, M. belli, and M. benhami; they have been described by 

 BENHAM in M. papillata, and by ROSA in M. benhami. According to BENHAM, these 

 structures lie in M. papillata, on segments x and xxv ; they correspond in position 

 to the ventral setae. Each papilla is represented internally by a kidney-shaped 

 gland attached to the parietes by a band of muscular fibres serving as a retractor 

 of a sac of modified setae ; the kidney-shaped body is lined by epithelium, outside of 

 which is a layer of muscles ; outside this again is a mass of cellular tissue, consisting 

 of pyriform cells associated into bundles ; the structure of the organ, in fact, bears 

 the closest resemblance to the spermiducal glands of Moniligaster, only that, in the 

 present case, the whole is surrounded by a layer, of peritoneum, sometimes, apparently, 

 wanting in Moniligaster. In M. benhami there are eighteen pairs of similar sacs in 

 segments xi-xxviii ; their structure appears to be identical with that of the glands 

 just described ; but nothing is said as to the presence of copulatory setae in 

 connexion with them. In neither species is there any connexion between the 



